1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,000 2 00:00:05,090 --> 00:00:07,090 My name is Tim Noon . I'm a project 3 00:00:07,090 --> 00:00:09,146 manager for the US Army Corps out of 4 00:00:09,146 --> 00:00:11,368 the Buffalo District . I'm supported by 5 00:00:11,368 --> 00:00:12,979 a pretty diverse team that's 6 00:00:12,979 --> 00:00:15,090 represented by some of the logos that 7 00:00:15,090 --> 00:00:17,034 you see on the screen there . Uh , 8 00:00:17,034 --> 00:00:19,146 today , you're gonna hear from , uh , 9 00:00:19,146 --> 00:00:21,201 Shaylin Kaufman , who works with our 10 00:00:21,201 --> 00:00:21,159 engineer Research Development Center , 11 00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:23,569 uh , as a research geologist . Uh , 12 00:00:23,649 --> 00:00:25,593 you're gonna hear from , uh , Chad 13 00:00:25,593 --> 00:00:27,705 Toussaint . He's a physical scientist 14 00:00:27,705 --> 00:00:29,760 from the US Geological Survey . Uh , 15 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:31,982 you'll hear from Derek Schle , a senior 16 00:00:31,982 --> 00:00:34,149 ecological engineer at our partners at 17 00:00:34,149 --> 00:00:36,205 LimnoTech . Um , and again , we'll , 18 00:00:36,205 --> 00:00:38,316 we'll be taking questions , uh , as a 19 00:00:38,316 --> 00:00:40,427 team as we go . So I'll drive forward 20 00:00:40,427 --> 00:00:42,400 here , um , just to frame up the 21 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:44,400 problem and , and what we're , what 22 00:00:44,400 --> 00:00:46,567 we're looking to do out here , right , 23 00:00:46,567 --> 00:00:48,122 uh , is that we all have an 24 00:00:48,122 --> 00:00:50,456 understanding that harmful algal blooms , 25 00:00:50,456 --> 00:00:52,567 uh , can be driven by excess nutrient 26 00:00:52,567 --> 00:00:54,733 loading , particularly phosphorus into 27 00:00:54,733 --> 00:00:57,011 the Great Lakes . Uh , and our project , 28 00:00:57,011 --> 00:00:56,360 uh , is a project that we're 29 00:00:56,360 --> 00:00:58,527 undertaking as part of the Great Lakes 30 00:00:58,527 --> 00:01:00,638 Restoration Initiative , uh , to look 31 00:01:00,638 --> 00:01:02,804 at , uh , reducing nutrient loading in 32 00:01:02,804 --> 00:01:04,804 Great Lakes tributaries through the 33 00:01:04,804 --> 00:01:07,082 concept of phosphorus optimal wetlands , 34 00:01:07,082 --> 00:01:09,249 and we'll talk a little bit about what 35 00:01:09,249 --> 00:01:11,360 that is . Uh , we wanna share results 36 00:01:11,360 --> 00:01:13,471 with you today about what , uh , what 37 00:01:13,471 --> 00:01:13,129 we've been finding in our work out 38 00:01:13,129 --> 00:01:15,489 there in Defiance , Ohio . Uh , we also 39 00:01:15,489 --> 00:01:17,489 want to build opportunities to , to 40 00:01:17,489 --> 00:01:19,600 foster some collaborative research as 41 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:21,767 we move forward , uh , with interested 42 00:01:21,767 --> 00:01:24,050 stakeholders , uh , in the area . Uh , 43 00:01:24,129 --> 00:01:26,351 the , the agenda for today's webinar is 44 00:01:26,351 --> 00:01:28,573 that I'll go through a quick background 45 00:01:28,573 --> 00:01:30,685 on , on the project . Uh , we'll talk 46 00:01:30,685 --> 00:01:32,351 about wetlands and phosphorus 47 00:01:32,351 --> 00:01:34,518 optimization as a concept . Uh , we'll 48 00:01:34,518 --> 00:01:36,685 talk about the specific monitoring and 49 00:01:36,685 --> 00:01:38,740 the operational research , uh , that 50 00:01:38,740 --> 00:01:40,740 we're doing out there in defiance . 51 00:01:40,740 --> 00:01:42,907 We'll talk about the results to date , 52 00:01:42,907 --> 00:01:45,129 uh , and then we'll talk about the next 53 00:01:45,129 --> 00:01:47,351 steps and , and where we go , um , from 54 00:01:47,351 --> 00:01:49,462 there . Uh , one more slide here just 55 00:01:49,462 --> 00:01:51,796 to talk about , uh , framing , you know , 56 00:01:51,796 --> 00:01:53,740 framing the problem and what we're 57 00:01:53,740 --> 00:01:55,907 looking to do with it . Uh , this is a 58 00:01:55,907 --> 00:01:58,073 demonstration project , right ? So our 59 00:01:58,073 --> 00:02:00,240 goal is really to , to work within the 60 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:02,540 GLRI focus area 3 , to , to optimize 61 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:04,762 phosphorus retention on the landscape . 62 00:02:04,762 --> 00:02:07,169 Uh , and to demonstrate a new , new 63 00:02:07,169 --> 00:02:09,169 approach , uh , to how wetlands are 64 00:02:09,169 --> 00:02:11,690 restored and can be managed , uh , to , 65 00:02:11,740 --> 00:02:14,880 to ultimately bring nutrient loading , 66 00:02:15,009 --> 00:02:17,120 uh , down , right , through , through 67 00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:19,287 the practice of wetland restoration or 68 00:02:19,287 --> 00:02:21,176 or pee optimization . Uh , it's a 69 00:02:21,176 --> 00:02:23,231 relatively novel approach , um , but 70 00:02:23,231 --> 00:02:25,065 obviously wetland restoration is 71 00:02:25,065 --> 00:02:27,342 something that occurs across the basin . 72 00:02:27,342 --> 00:02:28,953 Uh , so there's really great 73 00:02:28,953 --> 00:02:28,649 opportunity to share what we're 74 00:02:28,649 --> 00:02:30,260 learning , uh , with wetland 75 00:02:30,260 --> 00:02:32,371 practitioners , um , across the Great 76 00:02:32,371 --> 00:02:35,949 Lakes . Just a slide here , and I 77 00:02:35,949 --> 00:02:38,500 apologize if this is uh maybe typical 78 00:02:38,500 --> 00:02:40,750 of , of uh of the Army Corps to make 79 00:02:40,750 --> 00:02:42,990 flow charts here for you , but just to 80 00:02:42,990 --> 00:02:45,190 kind of give a quick overview of how 81 00:02:45,190 --> 00:02:47,357 this project is broken out in terms of 82 00:02:47,389 --> 00:02:49,509 uh who's all involved . Uh , we are 83 00:02:49,509 --> 00:02:51,676 working , uh , as I mentioned , I work 84 00:02:51,676 --> 00:02:53,787 for the Army Corps Buffalo District . 85 00:02:53,787 --> 00:02:55,787 Uh , we're working in collaboration 86 00:02:55,787 --> 00:02:57,676 with our partners at the Engineer 87 00:02:57,676 --> 00:02:59,842 Research Development Center or ERIC as 88 00:02:59,842 --> 00:03:01,898 we sometimes call it . Uh , it's our 89 00:03:01,898 --> 00:03:03,787 research lab , uh , that , that's 90 00:03:03,787 --> 00:03:05,731 ultimately driving the operational 91 00:03:05,731 --> 00:03:07,842 research out there . Uh , we're doing 92 00:03:07,842 --> 00:03:07,789 this in partnership with the US 93 00:03:07,789 --> 00:03:10,309 Geological Survey , uh , and also 94 00:03:10,309 --> 00:03:12,420 through contract with , uh , with our 95 00:03:12,420 --> 00:03:14,531 partners , uh , at Limno Tech who are 96 00:03:14,531 --> 00:03:16,587 on the line with us , um , as well . 97 00:03:17,660 --> 00:03:19,660 I'll speak briefly to this timeline 98 00:03:19,660 --> 00:03:21,771 slide , and I'll , I'll lean on Derek 99 00:03:21,771 --> 00:03:23,993 Schle who's with me here to , to see if 100 00:03:23,993 --> 00:03:26,104 he's got anything to add to it . Uh , 101 00:03:26,104 --> 00:03:28,327 but , but the bottom line here is the , 102 00:03:28,327 --> 00:03:30,438 the work that we're doing in defiance 103 00:03:30,438 --> 00:03:32,382 for a demonstration wetland , uh , 104 00:03:32,382 --> 00:03:34,493 comes from a long field , long period 105 00:03:34,493 --> 00:03:36,660 of , uh , engineering and design , and 106 00:03:36,660 --> 00:03:38,660 before that a study phase to really 107 00:03:38,660 --> 00:03:40,827 site select and and ultimately come up 108 00:03:40,827 --> 00:03:42,660 with a concept uh for phosphorus 109 00:03:42,660 --> 00:03:44,839 optimization . Uh , so here you'll see 110 00:03:44,839 --> 00:03:47,160 kind of the timeline , um , of where we 111 00:03:47,160 --> 00:03:49,880 came from July 2020 , uh , where we 112 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:52,047 took concepts and moved it all the way 113 00:03:52,047 --> 00:03:54,429 out to an implemented , uh , and fully 114 00:03:54,429 --> 00:03:57,000 operational wetland in 2022 , uh , that 115 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:59,222 we're still doing work on out there for 116 00:03:59,222 --> 00:04:01,333 another year . We're out there , uh , 117 00:04:01,333 --> 00:04:03,919 until 20 May of 2025 , uh , with our 118 00:04:03,919 --> 00:04:06,000 current phase of work . Uh , and all 119 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:08,360 this work builds on , uh , some 120 00:04:08,360 --> 00:04:10,360 significant research and in a prior 121 00:04:10,360 --> 00:04:13,009 study phase that happened , um . To 122 00:04:13,009 --> 00:04:14,953 really come up with the concept of 123 00:04:14,953 --> 00:04:17,065 phosphorus optimization before that . 124 00:04:17,065 --> 00:04:19,287 Um , I'll pause here , Derek , anything 125 00:04:19,287 --> 00:04:21,453 that you wanted to add to this slide I 126 00:04:21,453 --> 00:04:23,620 know you've contributed here as well . 127 00:04:23,620 --> 00:04:25,787 No , that's good . I'll just correct , 128 00:04:25,787 --> 00:04:27,842 um , I , I think of 2026 , yeah , so 129 00:04:27,842 --> 00:04:30,809 another year , um , of , uh , the 130 00:04:30,809 --> 00:04:32,865 operation , uh , before this project 131 00:04:32,865 --> 00:04:36,410 phase ends . Yeah , thanks . 132 00:04:37,929 --> 00:04:40,096 All right , and uh with that I'm gonna 133 00:04:40,096 --> 00:04:42,829 turn it over to uh to take his next 134 00:04:42,829 --> 00:04:46,329 step . Yeah , absolutely . And so what 135 00:04:46,329 --> 00:04:48,690 I kind of wanna start here , right ? We 136 00:04:48,690 --> 00:04:51,329 like , as Tim said , right , we know 137 00:04:51,329 --> 00:04:53,640 that wetlands are really effective for 138 00:04:54,089 --> 00:04:57,230 managing nutrients . Um , and , and to 139 00:04:57,230 --> 00:04:59,700 highlight also , uh , another thing Tim 140 00:04:59,700 --> 00:05:01,922 said was building upon the body of work 141 00:05:01,922 --> 00:05:04,209 that's already ban , right ? So you can 142 00:05:04,209 --> 00:05:06,376 look here at this bar chart , and this 143 00:05:06,376 --> 00:05:08,542 is cumulative load reductions and then 144 00:05:08,542 --> 00:05:11,265 these are 3 . wetlands in their cells . 145 00:05:11,554 --> 00:05:13,815 Um , this work comes out of Lempkeet 146 00:05:13,815 --> 00:05:17,244 all 2021 . This was a twelve-year study 147 00:05:17,244 --> 00:05:20,195 where they evaluated the , um , edge of 148 00:05:20,195 --> 00:05:23,065 field wetlands for their efficacy for 149 00:05:23,065 --> 00:05:25,287 nitrogen and phosphorus removal . The , 150 00:05:25,287 --> 00:05:27,545 the big thing here that's , um , 151 00:05:27,714 --> 00:05:29,994 visible is that , you know , this 152 00:05:29,994 --> 00:05:32,744 really led to a roughly 50 to 80% 153 00:05:32,744 --> 00:05:35,035 reduction in phosphorus from inflow to 154 00:05:35,035 --> 00:05:37,670 outflow . And so one of the things is 155 00:05:37,670 --> 00:05:40,549 that , you know , uh myself , everyone 156 00:05:40,549 --> 00:05:42,869 on this call really is just deeply 157 00:05:42,869 --> 00:05:45,750 integrated with trying to create best 158 00:05:45,750 --> 00:05:48,429 management practices , um , and , and a 159 00:05:48,429 --> 00:05:50,318 lot of implementation has already 160 00:05:50,318 --> 00:05:51,950 happened and we just haven't 161 00:05:51,950 --> 00:05:53,950 necessarily met all of the regional 162 00:05:53,950 --> 00:05:56,117 targets . Um , and so we have a really 163 00:05:56,117 --> 00:05:58,117 cool opportunity , right ? Let's uh 164 00:05:58,117 --> 00:06:01,109 figuring out how we can use these 165 00:06:01,109 --> 00:06:03,600 wetlands to best reduce our nutrient 166 00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:06,119 loads . They act as natural filters , 167 00:06:06,239 --> 00:06:08,519 they help us retain pee by trapping it 168 00:06:08,519 --> 00:06:10,859 and binding it within the soil . Um , 169 00:06:11,000 --> 00:06:13,200 you know , there's a load of biotic 170 00:06:13,200 --> 00:06:16,410 processes that also help us really , um , 171 00:06:17,989 --> 00:06:20,322 You know , get some of that moving . Um , 172 00:06:20,322 --> 00:06:22,378 and , and so the other thing is that 173 00:06:22,378 --> 00:06:24,489 wetlands are great because they allow 174 00:06:24,489 --> 00:06:26,822 us to really have a host of co-benefits . 175 00:06:26,822 --> 00:06:28,378 So whether that's habitat , 176 00:06:28,378 --> 00:06:30,410 biodiversity , um , recreation , 177 00:06:30,440 --> 00:06:32,607 integration within the community . And 178 00:06:32,607 --> 00:06:34,829 so we've got a couple challenges though 179 00:06:34,829 --> 00:06:36,940 to keep in mind , and so this is kind 180 00:06:36,940 --> 00:06:39,162 of where we start to get into the goals 181 00:06:39,162 --> 00:06:41,273 of the project . Um , you know , many 182 00:06:41,273 --> 00:06:43,162 ideal sites might not have a real 183 00:06:43,162 --> 00:06:44,940 capacity for storing additional 184 00:06:44,940 --> 00:06:46,940 phosphorus . In fact , some of them 185 00:06:47,100 --> 00:06:49,929 might be hotspots for legacy phosphorus . 186 00:06:50,140 --> 00:06:52,307 And so we want to keep that in mind as 187 00:06:52,307 --> 00:06:54,529 we're selecting sites . Um , you know , 188 00:06:54,529 --> 00:06:56,696 and even in sites where our phosphorus 189 00:06:56,696 --> 00:06:59,200 capacity , um , is , is good and it can 190 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:02,059 increase , um , You know , we might end 191 00:07:02,059 --> 00:07:05,040 up , you know , not having as much as 192 00:07:05,040 --> 00:07:07,279 we thought , uh , or not necessarily 193 00:07:07,279 --> 00:07:09,790 understanding how best to manage it for 194 00:07:10,279 --> 00:07:12,501 long term . And , and so within that is 195 00:07:12,501 --> 00:07:14,612 this like limited life cycle analysis 196 00:07:14,612 --> 00:07:16,835 that we've not really seen so far , you 197 00:07:16,835 --> 00:07:19,079 know , how do these sites perform over 198 00:07:19,079 --> 00:07:21,190 5 years , over . 10 years , over 15 199 00:07:21,190 --> 00:07:23,540 years . And so our goals here are 200 00:07:23,540 --> 00:07:25,980 really just to guide and develop 201 00:07:25,980 --> 00:07:28,260 operational guidance for the when , 202 00:07:28,339 --> 00:07:30,619 where , what , how of these nutrient 203 00:07:30,619 --> 00:07:32,859 reduction wetlands . And then really 204 00:07:32,859 --> 00:07:34,820 getting started on this process of 205 00:07:34,820 --> 00:07:37,100 developing solutions that can be scaled 206 00:07:37,100 --> 00:07:40,720 up and implemented at this region sized 207 00:07:40,720 --> 00:07:42,739 problem within the Great Lakes . 208 00:07:44,950 --> 00:07:47,019 And so as we kind of transition into 209 00:07:47,019 --> 00:07:51,019 this next slide , um , We are this 210 00:07:51,980 --> 00:07:54,980 this research has been a series of 211 00:07:54,980 --> 00:07:57,739 scales really from the smallest to this 212 00:07:57,739 --> 00:07:59,980 larger demonstration scale size . And 213 00:07:59,980 --> 00:08:03,299 so we have taken the time to do bench 214 00:08:03,299 --> 00:08:05,466 top and music halls and studies , um , 215 00:08:05,466 --> 00:08:07,700 and we use those to inform operations , 216 00:08:08,040 --> 00:08:10,250 really optimize the design features , 217 00:08:10,260 --> 00:08:12,260 and think about what long-term 218 00:08:12,260 --> 00:08:14,369 management is gonna look like , um , 219 00:08:14,380 --> 00:08:17,059 for , for greatest return on investment . 220 00:08:17,690 --> 00:08:19,857 And so we're not gonna get into all of 221 00:08:19,857 --> 00:08:22,023 them , but I've picked out a couple we 222 00:08:22,023 --> 00:08:24,190 can highlight , uh , you know , across 223 00:08:24,190 --> 00:08:26,412 the breadth of these , you know , we've 224 00:08:26,412 --> 00:08:28,523 looked at temperature and oxygenation 225 00:08:28,523 --> 00:08:30,523 and , you know . Hydro patterns and 226 00:08:30,523 --> 00:08:32,929 residence times and amendments . Um , 227 00:08:33,159 --> 00:08:35,950 the first one here is residence time . 228 00:08:36,159 --> 00:08:38,549 And so on this graph , what you can see 229 00:08:38,880 --> 00:08:42,190 is that the Y axis is cumulative rate 230 00:08:42,190 --> 00:08:45,840 of pea removal , um , and then along 231 00:08:45,840 --> 00:08:48,640 this bottom axis is time . And so 232 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:50,640 there's 3 curves that you can see , 233 00:08:50,640 --> 00:08:52,840 these are the 3 operational scenarios 234 00:08:52,840 --> 00:08:55,440 we tested . With resident time , the 235 00:08:55,440 --> 00:08:58,150 top one in light gray is bare soil . 236 00:08:58,479 --> 00:09:00,890 The middle one is the established 237 00:09:00,890 --> 00:09:03,609 vegetation , and then this bottom curve 238 00:09:03,880 --> 00:09:06,109 is vegetation that's been established , 239 00:09:06,159 --> 00:09:08,909 plus the use of an amendment . And so 240 00:09:08,909 --> 00:09:10,965 what we did was we allowed our music 241 00:09:10,965 --> 00:09:12,989 cosms to just hold water at a known 242 00:09:12,989 --> 00:09:15,460 concentration of phosphorus , and then 243 00:09:15,460 --> 00:09:18,200 we , we tracked at what point this 244 00:09:18,200 --> 00:09:20,367 plateaued off , right ? Or when we had 245 00:09:20,367 --> 00:09:22,589 hit the maximum phosphorus removed from 246 00:09:22,589 --> 00:09:26,320 the water , uh , Rate wise . 247 00:09:26,489 --> 00:09:28,711 Um , and , and so within this we really 248 00:09:28,711 --> 00:09:30,711 found that , you know , if you have 249 00:09:30,711 --> 00:09:32,767 bare soil , it is highly effective , 250 00:09:32,767 --> 00:09:32,130 and we'll show you that on the next 251 00:09:32,130 --> 00:09:34,690 slide as well . But it does take 12 252 00:09:34,690 --> 00:09:37,090 hours , right , to hit that maximum 253 00:09:37,090 --> 00:09:40,000 rate of pea removal out of the water . 254 00:09:40,330 --> 00:09:42,108 And as we add in a more natural 255 00:09:42,108 --> 00:09:44,441 environment , something like vegetation , 256 00:09:44,441 --> 00:09:46,663 where you go down to 8 hours , and when 257 00:09:46,663 --> 00:09:48,941 we add in amendments , we're down to 4 , 258 00:09:48,941 --> 00:09:51,163 right ? And so operationally for this , 259 00:09:51,163 --> 00:09:53,219 this means for us that You know , as 260 00:09:53,219 --> 00:09:55,274 long as we are , you know , as we're 261 00:09:55,274 --> 00:09:57,497 pumping water into our system , as long 262 00:09:57,497 --> 00:09:59,719 as it's in there for 8 hours , front to 263 00:09:59,719 --> 00:10:03,169 back , we are really just going to get 264 00:10:03,169 --> 00:10:05,280 the most bang for our buck with these 265 00:10:05,280 --> 00:10:08,099 pumping events . And so , I've just got 266 00:10:08,099 --> 00:10:10,900 two more examples of this , um , 267 00:10:12,010 --> 00:10:15,979 On the next slide here . We , uh , 268 00:10:16,179 --> 00:10:19,090 so on this next slide , uh , we see 269 00:10:19,090 --> 00:10:21,312 hydro patterns and so I'll explain this 270 00:10:21,312 --> 00:10:24,520 graph really quick . On the Y axis , 271 00:10:24,659 --> 00:10:27,739 this is pho phosphorus retention over 272 00:10:27,739 --> 00:10:30,580 24 hours . And so on the bottom axis 273 00:10:30,580 --> 00:10:32,710 here , what we have are 5 operational 274 00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:35,710 scenarios . Each operational scenario 275 00:10:35,710 --> 00:10:39,020 has 1 bar with the circles for bare 276 00:10:39,020 --> 00:10:41,510 soil , and then 1 bar with the cross 277 00:10:41,510 --> 00:10:44,750 hatches for vegetated or established 278 00:10:44,750 --> 00:10:47,299 vegetation . The other thing to notice 279 00:10:47,299 --> 00:10:49,770 is at the top of the bars , those are 280 00:10:49,770 --> 00:10:52,250 removal efficiencies , so that's just 281 00:10:52,250 --> 00:10:54,306 front to back how much phosphorus we 282 00:10:54,306 --> 00:10:56,780 got out of our water , and then along 283 00:10:56,780 --> 00:10:58,947 the bottom , you can see the amount of 284 00:10:58,947 --> 00:11:01,169 water that we cleaned during the time . 285 00:11:01,750 --> 00:11:04,969 And so one of the keys here is that if 286 00:11:04,969 --> 00:11:07,239 you look at the one pump scenario 287 00:11:07,239 --> 00:11:09,239 versus the 2 pump , and , and to be 288 00:11:09,239 --> 00:11:11,350 explicit , that's one pump is kind of 289 00:11:11,350 --> 00:11:14,729 our low flow rate , versus 2 pumps is 290 00:11:14,729 --> 00:11:17,570 our higher flow rate . You can see that , 291 00:11:17,669 --> 00:11:19,669 you know , over that same period of 292 00:11:19,669 --> 00:11:21,891 time , we've treated double the water , 293 00:11:21,891 --> 00:11:24,710 and not only that , we really didn't 294 00:11:24,710 --> 00:11:26,877 lose much inefficiency , right ? There 295 00:11:26,877 --> 00:11:30,020 are only 1 or 2% uh different overall , 296 00:11:30,070 --> 00:11:32,270 and so that is good for us to think 297 00:11:32,270 --> 00:11:34,548 about operationally because , you know , 298 00:11:34,549 --> 00:11:36,950 maybe we care more about the quantity 299 00:11:36,950 --> 00:11:39,630 of water we're able to clean over the 300 00:11:39,630 --> 00:11:42,580 same amount of time than we care about , 301 00:11:42,750 --> 00:11:46,679 uh , you know , Necessarily , 302 00:11:46,750 --> 00:11:48,806 maybe we're OK with , right , like a 303 00:11:48,806 --> 00:11:52,530 slightly lower efficiency , um . The 304 00:11:52,729 --> 00:11:54,951 other things to highlight here are that 305 00:11:54,951 --> 00:11:57,330 if you look at one pump versus this 2 306 00:11:57,330 --> 00:11:59,580 pump 2 hour hold , that's a pulsated 307 00:11:59,580 --> 00:12:02,280 flow . So we're flowing for some time 308 00:12:02,280 --> 00:12:05,330 and then holding for 2 and this cycle 309 00:12:05,330 --> 00:12:07,919 kind of repeats for 24 hours . Uh , 310 00:12:08,010 --> 00:12:09,843 what you'll see is that if we're 311 00:12:09,843 --> 00:12:12,010 looking specifically at the vegetative 312 00:12:12,010 --> 00:12:14,849 scenarios . We are cleaning the same 313 00:12:14,849 --> 00:12:16,960 amount of water in the same amount of 314 00:12:16,960 --> 00:12:19,127 time , except for when we are allowing 315 00:12:19,127 --> 00:12:21,650 this hole , we are actually increasing 316 00:12:21,650 --> 00:12:25,609 the efficiency by nearly 30% . And 317 00:12:25,609 --> 00:12:29,039 so , Unlike when we have the high flow 318 00:12:29,039 --> 00:12:31,400 versus low flow rates , when we have 319 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:35,380 the um You know , one flow 320 00:12:35,380 --> 00:12:39,099 static pumping at 480 gallons versus 321 00:12:39,099 --> 00:12:41,789 this 2 pump 2 hours one , same amount 322 00:12:41,789 --> 00:12:43,900 of water , but we really increase the 323 00:12:43,900 --> 00:12:45,733 efficiency . And if we look just 324 00:12:45,733 --> 00:12:47,956 directly at the bars , as we kind of go 325 00:12:47,956 --> 00:12:50,178 across this and we have these increased 326 00:12:50,178 --> 00:12:52,178 holding times . What you can see is 327 00:12:52,178 --> 00:12:54,799 that , you know , versus the high flow 328 00:12:54,799 --> 00:12:57,520 versus let's say 2 pumps , 2 hours , 329 00:12:57,770 --> 00:12:59,890 we're cleaning 4 times as much water 330 00:12:59,890 --> 00:13:03,369 when we have just steady high flow , 331 00:13:03,770 --> 00:13:06,489 but , you know , we really are not 332 00:13:06,489 --> 00:13:08,330 necessarily taking in as much 333 00:13:08,330 --> 00:13:11,090 phosphorus retained . And so when we 334 00:13:11,090 --> 00:13:14,039 have this 2 pump 2 hours , you know , 335 00:13:14,239 --> 00:13:16,461 we're still getting a lot of phosphorus 336 00:13:16,461 --> 00:13:18,628 off of that , even though it's so much 337 00:13:18,628 --> 00:13:21,739 less water . I'll transition us really 338 00:13:21,739 --> 00:13:24,219 quick . Um , this is just a side note , 339 00:13:24,380 --> 00:13:26,436 uh , so we don't have the data up on 340 00:13:26,436 --> 00:13:28,739 this currently , but as another guide 341 00:13:28,739 --> 00:13:31,099 for how these operational scenarios can 342 00:13:31,099 --> 00:13:33,580 affect what we decide to do . Um , you 343 00:13:33,580 --> 00:13:35,580 know , we ran experiments where we 344 00:13:35,580 --> 00:13:37,302 looked at different vegetation 345 00:13:37,302 --> 00:13:39,380 management strategies , and the big 346 00:13:39,380 --> 00:13:41,299 takeaway that I just want to say 347 00:13:41,299 --> 00:13:43,820 quickly is that , you know , when we 348 00:13:43,820 --> 00:13:46,500 allow the vegetation to senesce or we , 349 00:13:46,539 --> 00:13:48,595 maybe we harvest it and we gather it 350 00:13:48,595 --> 00:13:50,817 for baling or something like this , you 351 00:13:50,817 --> 00:13:53,880 know , we are . At the end of that , as 352 00:13:53,880 --> 00:13:55,880 we let the water flow back over the 353 00:13:55,880 --> 00:13:59,320 surface , over 2 to 3 weeks , we're 354 00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:01,820 still losing less phosphorus , 355 00:14:02,219 --> 00:14:04,700 significantly less , 5 to 7 times less 356 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:07,150 than when we just run the system at 357 00:14:07,150 --> 00:14:11,039 defiance one time . So these are 358 00:14:11,039 --> 00:14:13,261 all , you know , I , I , I think a real 359 00:14:13,261 --> 00:14:15,483 point here is that these aren't cut and 360 00:14:15,483 --> 00:14:17,706 dry , and these operational scenarios , 361 00:14:17,706 --> 00:14:19,817 uh , just really help us guide how we 362 00:14:19,817 --> 00:14:21,817 should be implementing these things 363 00:14:21,849 --> 00:14:24,270 just based on our operational goals . 364 00:14:24,599 --> 00:14:27,239 And with that , I will let Derek tell 365 00:14:27,239 --> 00:14:29,090 you about how Defiance works . 366 00:14:32,969 --> 00:14:35,080 I apologize for not uh advancing some 367 00:14:35,080 --> 00:14:37,302 of the animations here for you , Shay . 368 00:14:37,302 --> 00:14:39,340 No , that's OK . Yeah , WebEx is a 369 00:14:39,340 --> 00:14:41,229 tendency to auto advance , so I'm 370 00:14:41,229 --> 00:14:43,284 controlling that for for that here , 371 00:14:43,284 --> 00:14:45,562 but uh , yeah , over to Derek . Thanks , 372 00:14:45,562 --> 00:14:48,549 Shaylin . Yeah , OK , thanks , uh , 373 00:14:48,669 --> 00:14:50,780 Shaylin and Tim . So , so moving from 374 00:14:50,780 --> 00:14:53,909 the misocosm studies that Shaylin just 375 00:14:53,909 --> 00:14:55,853 described , uh , back to the field 376 00:14:55,853 --> 00:14:58,076 demonstration site in Defiance , Ohio , 377 00:14:58,469 --> 00:15:00,691 I'll use this slide to talk through how 378 00:15:00,691 --> 00:15:02,913 the wetland actually functions to treat 379 00:15:02,913 --> 00:15:05,136 uh runoff from Colwell Creek , which is 380 00:15:05,136 --> 00:15:07,358 shown at the top of the screen there in 381 00:15:07,358 --> 00:15:09,247 the lighter blue , and that creek 382 00:15:09,247 --> 00:15:11,247 drains about 900 acres of primarily 383 00:15:11,247 --> 00:15:13,469 farmland before emptying into the Aglas 384 00:15:13,469 --> 00:15:15,469 River , which is a tributary of the 385 00:15:15,469 --> 00:15:17,691 Maumee River . So the wetland treatment 386 00:15:17,691 --> 00:15:19,913 system begins with a settling pond that 387 00:15:19,913 --> 00:15:21,913 diverts a portion of the creek flow 388 00:15:21,913 --> 00:15:24,080 during elevated flow events , and from 389 00:15:24,080 --> 00:15:26,080 there we have a pumping system that 390 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:27,858 lifts water into the first of 4 391 00:15:27,858 --> 00:15:29,969 consecutive wetland cells . And so as 392 00:15:29,969 --> 00:15:32,025 you'll see in the , in the dark blue 393 00:15:32,025 --> 00:15:34,025 arrows , which demonstrate the flow 394 00:15:34,025 --> 00:15:36,247 path as water moves through the wetland 395 00:15:36,247 --> 00:15:35,520 through each of these four wetland 396 00:15:35,520 --> 00:15:38,840 cells , we have some separation between 397 00:15:38,840 --> 00:15:40,951 the cells with these berms , and then 398 00:15:40,951 --> 00:15:43,062 also the use of earthen spillways and 399 00:15:43,062 --> 00:15:45,330 agri drains that convey the water 400 00:15:45,330 --> 00:15:47,960 between the cells . So as the flowaths 401 00:15:47,960 --> 00:15:50,200 follow this meandering slightly deeper 402 00:15:50,200 --> 00:15:51,811 channel , they also have the 403 00:15:51,811 --> 00:15:54,033 opportunity to spread out on a bench or 404 00:15:54,033 --> 00:15:56,144 floodplain area as more more and more 405 00:15:56,144 --> 00:15:58,089 water fills the wetland . And then 406 00:15:58,089 --> 00:16:00,169 finally we get to the end of the uh 407 00:16:00,169 --> 00:16:02,391 wetland at at what we call cell 4 where 408 00:16:02,391 --> 00:16:04,280 water exits through again both an 409 00:16:04,280 --> 00:16:06,502 overflow spillway and an agri drain and 410 00:16:06,502 --> 00:16:08,447 then discharges into this drainage 411 00:16:08,447 --> 00:16:10,391 ditch which then empties back into 412 00:16:10,391 --> 00:16:12,750 Cowell Creek . Go to the next slide . 413 00:16:14,940 --> 00:16:16,773 Uh , a quick look at some of the 414 00:16:16,773 --> 00:16:19,107 monitoring features with this schematic , 415 00:16:19,107 --> 00:16:21,051 uh , that demonstrates the various 416 00:16:21,051 --> 00:16:22,996 devices that have been deployed to 417 00:16:22,996 --> 00:16:25,107 accomplish the research objectives of 418 00:16:25,107 --> 00:16:27,329 the demonstration site . Um , Chad will 419 00:16:27,329 --> 00:16:29,051 go through the USGS monitoring 420 00:16:29,051 --> 00:16:30,940 equipment shortly , but those are 421 00:16:30,940 --> 00:16:33,218 indicated by the green diamonds on the , 422 00:16:33,218 --> 00:16:35,609 on the schematic here . Limnotech has 423 00:16:35,609 --> 00:16:37,720 installed water level sensors , water 424 00:16:37,720 --> 00:16:39,498 quality signs , online nutrient 425 00:16:39,498 --> 00:16:41,665 analyzers , and automated ISO samplers 426 00:16:41,665 --> 00:16:43,776 at key features within the wetlands , 427 00:16:43,849 --> 00:16:46,016 really to provide insights at how it's 428 00:16:46,016 --> 00:16:48,293 performing and improving water quality . 429 00:16:48,293 --> 00:16:50,238 And I'll , I'll wait till later to 430 00:16:50,238 --> 00:16:52,405 describe our monitoring equipment in a 431 00:16:52,405 --> 00:16:54,627 little more detail when I get into some 432 00:16:54,627 --> 00:16:56,849 other results , but for now , I'll hand 433 00:16:56,849 --> 00:16:58,849 it off to Chad to describe the USGS 434 00:16:58,849 --> 00:17:02,710 work . Hello . For 435 00:17:02,710 --> 00:17:04,821 those we've met before , nice to talk 436 00:17:04,821 --> 00:17:06,932 to you again . For those I speak with 437 00:17:06,932 --> 00:17:08,710 for the first time , I'm Chad , 438 00:17:08,710 --> 00:17:10,877 physical scientist and project manager 439 00:17:10,877 --> 00:17:12,654 for the US Geological Survey in 440 00:17:12,654 --> 00:17:14,821 Columbus , Ohio . Um , as Derek said , 441 00:17:14,829 --> 00:17:16,996 I'm gonna highlight some of the , uh , 442 00:17:16,996 --> 00:17:18,996 contributions from the USGS to this 443 00:17:18,996 --> 00:17:21,162 project , and that's mostly looking at 444 00:17:21,162 --> 00:17:22,885 the flow monitoring and making 445 00:17:22,885 --> 00:17:24,829 information publicly available and 446 00:17:24,829 --> 00:17:26,773 looking at some of the uh Clin had 447 00:17:26,773 --> 00:17:28,940 highlights some of the uh biodiversity 448 00:17:28,940 --> 00:17:32,739 impacts . Next slide . Um , 449 00:17:33,959 --> 00:17:36,070 The role the UTS in this project from 450 00:17:36,070 --> 00:17:38,070 the beginning is determine the mass 451 00:17:38,070 --> 00:17:40,015 balance equation . Uh , we look at 452 00:17:40,015 --> 00:17:42,126 what's entering the system , how much 453 00:17:42,126 --> 00:17:44,181 is in your system , and what and how 454 00:17:44,181 --> 00:17:46,348 much leads the system . The U the USSS 455 00:17:46,348 --> 00:17:48,403 can provide , uh , the big numbers , 456 00:17:48,403 --> 00:17:50,348 but thanks to the other monitoring 457 00:17:50,348 --> 00:17:52,237 partners at Limnotech and Erdic , 458 00:17:52,237 --> 00:17:54,403 internal mechanisms of wetland will be 459 00:17:54,403 --> 00:17:56,348 revealed in their study work or in 460 00:17:56,348 --> 00:17:58,515 Chile's case already . Um , well , the 461 00:17:58,515 --> 00:18:00,737 next couple slides I'll present the ins 462 00:18:00,737 --> 00:18:02,903 and outs of the wetland . Next slide . 463 00:18:03,329 --> 00:18:05,250 Our monitoring starts before the 464 00:18:05,250 --> 00:18:07,650 wetland . We start by monitoring 465 00:18:07,650 --> 00:18:11,130 processing Colwell Creek , click . Um , 466 00:18:11,170 --> 00:18:12,892 to get a baseline data for the 467 00:18:12,892 --> 00:18:15,003 discharge from the drainage area that 468 00:18:15,003 --> 00:18:16,892 Derek described and to assess the 469 00:18:16,892 --> 00:18:18,614 nutrient capacity , click . By 470 00:18:18,614 --> 00:18:21,170 collecting these data , we can assess 471 00:18:21,170 --> 00:18:23,337 not just the wetland component but the 472 00:18:23,337 --> 00:18:25,281 holding pond . I want to draw your 473 00:18:25,281 --> 00:18:27,281 attention to the hydrologic imagery 474 00:18:27,281 --> 00:18:29,281 visualization Information System or 475 00:18:29,281 --> 00:18:31,290 hi-vis click . This is a publicly 476 00:18:31,290 --> 00:18:33,369 available system that allows you to 477 00:18:33,369 --> 00:18:35,480 view real-time data and photographs . 478 00:18:36,239 --> 00:18:38,406 After water passes through the culvert 479 00:18:38,406 --> 00:18:40,517 back to the open channel at the first 480 00:18:40,517 --> 00:18:42,628 gauge , it's divided into the wetland 481 00:18:42,628 --> 00:18:46,599 click . And click And then pumped into 482 00:18:46,609 --> 00:18:49,800 the start of the wetland , click . This 483 00:18:49,800 --> 00:18:52,079 is our second sampling spot . At this 484 00:18:52,079 --> 00:18:53,746 central hub , we also collect 485 00:18:53,746 --> 00:18:55,750 precipitation data and other um 486 00:18:56,000 --> 00:18:58,640 neurological data . Click , as you can 487 00:18:58,640 --> 00:19:00,807 see these little orange dots along the 488 00:19:00,807 --> 00:19:02,973 hydrograph . Each one of these dots is 489 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:05,289 is a taken photograph that can be 490 00:19:05,289 --> 00:19:07,400 viewed by tracing the hydrograph or a 491 00:19:07,400 --> 00:19:09,622 step by step process , which is clearly 492 00:19:09,622 --> 00:19:12,430 defined in the full hiviz page . Click . 493 00:19:14,150 --> 00:19:16,430 Click . After the water has meandered 494 00:19:16,430 --> 00:19:18,319 through the stream , we reach the 495 00:19:18,319 --> 00:19:20,263 outlet , which is comprised of two 496 00:19:20,263 --> 00:19:22,486 parts , as Derek said , the aggerre and 497 00:19:22,486 --> 00:19:24,763 the overflow control structure . Click . 498 00:19:24,763 --> 00:19:26,874 On the hi-vis page , you can view the 499 00:19:26,874 --> 00:19:29,619 imagery in a video flip choosing your 500 00:19:29,619 --> 00:19:32,089 own date range . All wetlands sites are 501 00:19:32,089 --> 00:19:33,978 on this main page and other sites 502 00:19:33,978 --> 00:19:36,145 across the USGS are on there as well . 503 00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:37,310 Click . 504 00:19:39,859 --> 00:19:41,270 And click . 505 00:19:43,859 --> 00:19:46,770 So there's the playback feature , click . 506 00:19:49,770 --> 00:19:52,449 OK , um , over the last 3 years I've 507 00:19:52,449 --> 00:19:55,060 made over 30 visits to the wetland per 508 00:19:55,060 --> 00:19:56,671 year for sample collection , 509 00:19:56,671 --> 00:19:58,671 measurements and verified discharge 510 00:19:58,671 --> 00:20:00,727 equipment and check the stability of 511 00:20:00,727 --> 00:20:02,709 the gauge . Click . The USGS is 512 00:20:02,709 --> 00:20:06,459 analyzed on average 30 or 70 samples at 513 00:20:06,459 --> 00:20:08,979 the inlet or the pump area and 75 514 00:20:08,979 --> 00:20:12,130 samples at the outlet , click . Using 515 00:20:12,130 --> 00:20:14,689 the hydrograph um determinations on 516 00:20:14,689 --> 00:20:16,729 what samples should be the most 517 00:20:16,729 --> 00:20:18,896 representative of the pumped water are 518 00:20:18,896 --> 00:20:21,250 sent to the lab for analysis . Click in 519 00:20:21,250 --> 00:20:24,890 the bottom left . No , sorry . Anyway , 520 00:20:24,969 --> 00:20:27,025 I was just gonna say you can see how 521 00:20:27,025 --> 00:20:29,247 proficient our sampling is by the total 522 00:20:29,247 --> 00:20:31,247 flow of the inflow and outflow . So 523 00:20:31,247 --> 00:20:33,413 these pers here on just how well we're 524 00:20:33,413 --> 00:20:36,199 getting the coverage of the uh runoff . 525 00:20:38,359 --> 00:20:42,089 Next up , Yeah . 526 00:20:42,339 --> 00:20:45,060 Thanks , Chad . So I'll briefly cover 527 00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:48,209 the 2022 through 2024 wetland 528 00:20:48,209 --> 00:20:49,987 operations corresponding to the 529 00:20:49,987 --> 00:20:52,300 sampling that Chad just described , uh , 530 00:20:52,329 --> 00:20:54,329 and then we'll really get into some 531 00:20:54,329 --> 00:20:56,051 more results here shortly . So 532 00:20:56,051 --> 00:20:58,273 typically we operate the pumps about 10 533 00:20:58,273 --> 00:21:00,329 months out of the year , starting in 534 00:21:00,329 --> 00:21:02,273 mid-February and going through mid 535 00:21:02,273 --> 00:21:04,496 December , and then we'll winterize the 536 00:21:04,496 --> 00:21:06,607 site for the coldest couple of months 537 00:21:06,607 --> 00:21:08,885 of the year when conditions are frozen . 538 00:21:08,885 --> 00:21:10,839 So we deploy our water quality 539 00:21:10,839 --> 00:21:13,239 monitoring sensors around early March 540 00:21:13,239 --> 00:21:15,239 after the risk of a deep freeze has 541 00:21:15,239 --> 00:21:17,128 passed , and so that again is the 542 00:21:17,128 --> 00:21:19,295 nutrient analyzers , it goes and water 543 00:21:19,295 --> 00:21:21,350 quality suns , and that's just cause 544 00:21:21,350 --> 00:21:23,406 they don't have the luxury of a of a 545 00:21:23,406 --> 00:21:25,628 heated building . Um , but , you know , 546 00:21:25,880 --> 00:21:28,160 also what we'll look into is some of 547 00:21:28,160 --> 00:21:30,239 the pumping statistics by month for 548 00:21:30,239 --> 00:21:32,199 each of the last 3 years with this 549 00:21:32,199 --> 00:21:34,540 slide here . So , as you can see in the 550 00:21:34,540 --> 00:21:37,719 bar chart on the bottom . Um , we , 551 00:21:37,790 --> 00:21:41,640 we have uh typical conditions for this 552 00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:43,862 area of the country or this area of the 553 00:21:43,862 --> 00:21:45,973 Great Lakes where we have wet winters 554 00:21:45,973 --> 00:21:48,196 in spring followed by drier summers and 555 00:21:48,196 --> 00:21:50,251 fall months , and that's what we see 556 00:21:50,251 --> 00:21:52,473 with our last 3 years of pumping at the 557 00:21:52,473 --> 00:21:56,239 Defiance wetland in 2024 , shown in 558 00:21:56,239 --> 00:21:58,400 yellow , we , we actually pumped 559 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:00,456 substantially more water through the 560 00:22:00,456 --> 00:22:02,760 wetland than we did in 2022 and 2023 . 561 00:22:03,189 --> 00:22:05,411 And that's partly because we decided to 562 00:22:05,411 --> 00:22:07,522 operate the wetland beginning in late 563 00:22:07,522 --> 00:22:09,745 January of that year due to a very mild 564 00:22:09,745 --> 00:22:11,967 winter . We really just had like a week 565 00:22:11,967 --> 00:22:13,745 of , of rare cold conditions in 566 00:22:13,745 --> 00:22:15,967 mid-January , and then things warmed up 567 00:22:15,967 --> 00:22:18,022 for the duration of the winter . But 568 00:22:18,022 --> 00:22:19,800 also it was much wetter in 2024 569 00:22:19,800 --> 00:22:21,856 compared to the previous two years , 570 00:22:21,856 --> 00:22:23,911 which had more drought conditions in 571 00:22:23,911 --> 00:22:25,911 the late spring and summer of those 572 00:22:25,911 --> 00:22:27,856 years . We'll go ahead to the next 573 00:22:27,856 --> 00:22:30,900 slide . OK , so jumping into some of 574 00:22:30,900 --> 00:22:32,699 the results that LimnoTech has 575 00:22:32,699 --> 00:22:34,643 generated with our sampling , uh , 576 00:22:34,643 --> 00:22:36,939 first we have results from the auto 577 00:22:36,939 --> 00:22:39,540 samplers , which what we do here is 578 00:22:39,540 --> 00:22:41,619 target event-based sampling at the 579 00:22:41,619 --> 00:22:43,786 internal wetland point . So at the end 580 00:22:43,786 --> 00:22:45,739 of cells 12 , and 3 , and then we 581 00:22:45,739 --> 00:22:47,739 complement that with the monitoring 582 00:22:47,739 --> 00:22:49,739 that Chad and USGS are doing at the 583 00:22:49,739 --> 00:22:51,683 inlet and outlet or Cell 4 as it's 584 00:22:51,683 --> 00:22:54,989 labeled here . So we don't uh sample 585 00:22:54,989 --> 00:22:57,099 with these on our end throughout the 586 00:22:57,099 --> 00:22:59,155 entire year , but instead target the 587 00:22:59,155 --> 00:23:01,209 largest 3 to 4 events per year . 588 00:23:01,579 --> 00:23:03,579 Sometimes we get 5 events in a year 589 00:23:03,859 --> 00:23:06,060 when we're , when we're pumping for on 590 00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:08,420 the order of 48 hours or more before 591 00:23:08,420 --> 00:23:11,260 the pumps shut off . And what we try to 592 00:23:11,260 --> 00:23:13,500 do is stagger the sampling intervals 593 00:23:13,500 --> 00:23:16,260 with the ISOs to last the entire event 594 00:23:16,260 --> 00:23:18,149 duration , and then use turbidity 595 00:23:18,149 --> 00:23:20,371 results to decide which subset of those 596 00:23:20,579 --> 00:23:23,300 samples to have analyzed and and and we 597 00:23:23,300 --> 00:23:25,522 do that where we try to follow the same 598 00:23:25,522 --> 00:23:27,633 volume of water as its pulses through 599 00:23:27,633 --> 00:23:29,856 through the wetlands so that it's , you 600 00:23:29,856 --> 00:23:31,856 know , a fair representation of how 601 00:23:31,856 --> 00:23:34,078 water quality is changing with , with a 602 00:23:34,078 --> 00:23:36,078 certain slug of water that's pumped 603 00:23:36,078 --> 00:23:38,244 through the wetland . And overall , as 604 00:23:38,244 --> 00:23:40,579 you um would see here in these three 605 00:23:40,579 --> 00:23:43,630 example uh events for 2022 , 2023 , and 606 00:23:43,630 --> 00:23:46,780 2024 in the bottom . for any paired 607 00:23:46,780 --> 00:23:49,119 sample , so sample 123 , and 4 608 00:23:49,119 --> 00:23:51,300 represents that same volume of water 609 00:23:51,300 --> 00:23:53,244 moving through the wetland . We'll 610 00:23:53,244 --> 00:23:55,467 we'll see these incremental and gradual 611 00:23:55,467 --> 00:23:57,244 reductions in TP concentrations 612 00:23:57,244 --> 00:23:59,411 throughout the wetland system . So for 613 00:23:59,411 --> 00:24:01,411 any paired sample representing that 614 00:24:01,411 --> 00:24:03,633 same volume of water , there's a slight 615 00:24:03,633 --> 00:24:05,856 reduction in concentrations as you move 616 00:24:05,856 --> 00:24:07,689 from inlet to cell 123 , and 4 . 617 00:24:07,859 --> 00:24:10,026 Another observation that we've seen is 618 00:24:10,026 --> 00:24:12,248 over the course of an event , the , the 619 00:24:12,248 --> 00:24:14,303 concentrations entering the system . 620 00:24:14,303 --> 00:24:16,303 Continue to drop typically , so the 621 00:24:16,303 --> 00:24:18,470 first couple of samples will generally 622 00:24:18,470 --> 00:24:20,248 have the highest concentrations 623 00:24:20,248 --> 00:24:22,303 corresponding to that first flush of 624 00:24:22,303 --> 00:24:24,526 the runoff event . And then as you move 625 00:24:24,526 --> 00:24:24,410 into a few days' worth of runoff , the 626 00:24:24,410 --> 00:24:26,410 concentrations will drop and that's 627 00:24:26,410 --> 00:24:28,577 shown really nicely in the middle plot 628 00:24:28,577 --> 00:24:30,577 there , the March 3rd through 5th , 629 00:24:30,577 --> 00:24:32,632 2023 event with sample 5 having much 630 00:24:32,632 --> 00:24:34,743 lower TP concentrations in the system 631 00:24:34,743 --> 00:24:36,854 than the first sample . Uh , we'll go 632 00:24:36,854 --> 00:24:39,979 ahead to the next slide , please . OK , 633 00:24:40,099 --> 00:24:42,155 so we also have turbidity sensors at 634 00:24:42,155 --> 00:24:44,609 the end of each shell that report uh 635 00:24:44,609 --> 00:24:46,442 measurements every 10 minutes to 636 00:24:46,442 --> 00:24:48,498 provide another piece of information 637 00:24:48,498 --> 00:24:50,720 regarding the water quality performance 638 00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:52,887 of the wetland system . Uh , and , and 639 00:24:52,887 --> 00:24:54,442 these are accomplished with 640 00:24:54,442 --> 00:24:56,276 multi-parameter sounds that also 641 00:24:56,276 --> 00:24:57,998 measure conductivity and water 642 00:24:57,998 --> 00:25:00,053 temperature . And here I just have a 643 00:25:00,053 --> 00:25:02,165 few examples of time series plots for 644 00:25:02,165 --> 00:25:04,165 some of the more significant events 645 00:25:04,165 --> 00:25:06,331 that we've seen , one for June of 2022 646 00:25:06,331 --> 00:25:08,553 on the left , and then March of 2024 on 647 00:25:08,553 --> 00:25:10,331 the bottom right . And I'm just 648 00:25:10,331 --> 00:25:12,553 highlighting um in blue , the turbidity 649 00:25:12,553 --> 00:25:14,776 at the end of cell one . And in green , 650 00:25:14,776 --> 00:25:16,998 the turbidity at the end of cell 3 . So 651 00:25:16,998 --> 00:25:19,220 really this is actually just about half 652 00:25:19,220 --> 00:25:21,387 of the wetland system . The changes in 653 00:25:21,387 --> 00:25:23,609 turbidity from that happen within cells 654 00:25:23,609 --> 00:25:25,609 2 and 3 , so kind of the middle two 655 00:25:25,609 --> 00:25:27,665 cells of the wetland system . And as 656 00:25:27,665 --> 00:25:29,810 you can see this , this is , this is 657 00:25:29,810 --> 00:25:31,977 generally the consistent behavior that 658 00:25:31,977 --> 00:25:34,250 we see from storm to storm is that 659 00:25:34,250 --> 00:25:36,361 turbidity concentrations in the first 660 00:25:36,361 --> 00:25:38,417 cell are generally much higher . And 661 00:25:38,417 --> 00:25:40,472 then even within half of the wetland 662 00:25:40,472 --> 00:25:42,609 system , we can see a reduction of on 663 00:25:42,609 --> 00:25:45,000 the order of 50% in the peak turbidity 664 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:47,167 concentrations , if you will , as that 665 00:25:47,167 --> 00:25:49,222 dirtiest water enters the system and 666 00:25:49,222 --> 00:25:51,389 moves its way through . And then as we 667 00:25:51,389 --> 00:25:53,389 continue to pump over the course of 668 00:25:53,389 --> 00:25:55,500 several days , these lines will start 669 00:25:55,500 --> 00:25:57,611 to merge as turbidity is dropping and 670 00:25:57,611 --> 00:25:59,680 it's finer and finer material , uh , 671 00:25:59,719 --> 00:26:02,079 the , the turbidity lines start to 672 00:26:02,079 --> 00:26:04,023 merge , if you will , meaning that 673 00:26:04,023 --> 00:26:06,023 we're not removing as much of those 674 00:26:06,023 --> 00:26:08,135 solids . Um , later into the event as 675 00:26:08,135 --> 00:26:10,135 it's finer material that would take 676 00:26:10,135 --> 00:26:12,468 longer residents times for it to settle . 677 00:26:12,468 --> 00:26:14,690 Uh , we'll go ahead to the next slide . 678 00:26:16,260 --> 00:26:19,260 OK , so lastly is a look at our 679 00:26:19,260 --> 00:26:21,619 nutrient analyzer results . So here 680 00:26:21,619 --> 00:26:23,397 what we're doing is taking high 681 00:26:23,397 --> 00:26:25,119 frequency dissolved phosphorus 682 00:26:25,119 --> 00:26:27,008 measurements with online nutrient 683 00:26:27,008 --> 00:26:29,780 analyzers . Uh , that sample , now it's , 684 00:26:29,790 --> 00:26:31,734 it's back to the wetland inlet and 685 00:26:31,734 --> 00:26:33,901 outlet at a duration , anywhere from 2 686 00:26:33,901 --> 00:26:36,012 to 4 hours typically , and we can see 687 00:26:36,012 --> 00:26:37,979 this data in real time as sample 688 00:26:37,979 --> 00:26:40,090 results are processed , which is neat 689 00:26:40,090 --> 00:26:42,430 for zol phosphorus . So these sensors 690 00:26:42,430 --> 00:26:44,486 we deployed during the March through 691 00:26:44,486 --> 00:26:46,541 May period , they're not deployed as 692 00:26:46,541 --> 00:26:48,597 long as the turbidity sensors or the 693 00:26:48,597 --> 00:26:50,541 ISOs , but it's really during that 694 00:26:50,541 --> 00:26:52,763 critical months of the year when it's , 695 00:26:52,763 --> 00:26:54,930 it's the wettest out there . And uh in 696 00:26:54,930 --> 00:26:56,708 the , in the bottom now we have 697 00:26:56,708 --> 00:26:58,708 cumulative frequency plots for each 698 00:26:58,708 --> 00:27:01,719 year 2022 through 2024 . Uh , blue 699 00:27:01,719 --> 00:27:03,886 again represents earlier in the system 700 00:27:03,886 --> 00:27:05,941 the wetland inlet , and green is the 701 00:27:05,941 --> 00:27:08,052 wetland outlet . So this is a look at 702 00:27:08,052 --> 00:27:09,941 the entire season instead of just 703 00:27:09,941 --> 00:27:12,163 individual events to see how , how much 704 00:27:12,163 --> 00:27:14,330 lower the outlet concentrations are in 705 00:27:14,330 --> 00:27:16,108 green compared to the wet inlet 706 00:27:16,108 --> 00:27:18,330 concentrations that are measured during 707 00:27:18,330 --> 00:27:20,497 all of these pumping events . And so , 708 00:27:20,497 --> 00:27:22,330 big picture overall we're seeing 709 00:27:22,330 --> 00:27:24,275 dissolved phosphorus concentration 710 00:27:24,275 --> 00:27:26,552 reductions on the order of 50% or more , 711 00:27:26,552 --> 00:27:28,552 most of the time . And , and really 712 00:27:28,552 --> 00:27:30,719 what we see is greater reductions that 713 00:27:30,719 --> 00:27:32,959 correspond to large , um , the 714 00:27:32,959 --> 00:27:35,181 hydraulic resonance time being longer , 715 00:27:35,339 --> 00:27:37,172 which , which is for the shorter 716 00:27:37,172 --> 00:27:39,283 pumping events . And so just a little 717 00:27:39,283 --> 00:27:41,506 more on that note , I added this plot , 718 00:27:41,506 --> 00:27:43,672 this time series plot of March of 25 , 719 00:27:43,672 --> 00:27:46,479 so just last month to look at dissolved 720 00:27:46,479 --> 00:27:48,500 phosphorus concentrations in a time 721 00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:50,667 series format , again at the inlet and 722 00:27:50,667 --> 00:27:53,160 outlet . And then we have the shading 723 00:27:53,160 --> 00:27:55,271 indicating the pumping events . So we 724 00:27:55,271 --> 00:27:58,790 had 3 , almost 2 day pumping events in 725 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:01,699 in March of 2025 . And then in between 726 00:28:01,699 --> 00:28:03,939 these larger events , um , you see 727 00:28:03,939 --> 00:28:05,995 these smaller shades which represent 728 00:28:05,995 --> 00:28:07,828 the pulsing of water through the 729 00:28:07,828 --> 00:28:10,050 wetland . And so what we see is we pump 730 00:28:10,050 --> 00:28:12,272 longer and longer , the residents' time 731 00:28:12,272 --> 00:28:14,328 gets lower and lower , meaning we're 732 00:28:14,328 --> 00:28:16,550 reaching a steady state condition . And 733 00:28:16,550 --> 00:28:18,661 during those conditions , we start to 734 00:28:18,661 --> 00:28:18,410 see the outlet concentrations get 735 00:28:18,410 --> 00:28:20,632 higher and higher , closer to the inlet 736 00:28:20,632 --> 00:28:22,688 concentrations , meaning the shorter 737 00:28:22,688 --> 00:28:24,910 the residents time , the , the slightly 738 00:28:24,910 --> 00:28:26,743 uh lower reductions in dissolved 739 00:28:26,743 --> 00:28:28,966 phosphorus concentrations , and then we 740 00:28:28,966 --> 00:28:30,910 get into the inner event pulsing . 741 00:28:30,979 --> 00:28:33,146 pumping that's going on , we see those 742 00:28:33,146 --> 00:28:35,239 lines separate again more longer 743 00:28:35,239 --> 00:28:37,439 resonance times , larger reductions in 744 00:28:37,439 --> 00:28:39,606 dissolved phosphorus concentrations is 745 00:28:39,606 --> 00:28:41,828 what we're seeing . So some really neat 746 00:28:41,828 --> 00:28:43,828 results so far , but again , very , 747 00:28:43,828 --> 00:28:45,550 very positive story to see the 748 00:28:45,550 --> 00:28:47,606 relatively good dissolved phosphorus 749 00:28:47,606 --> 00:28:49,689 reduction . And with that , I think 750 00:28:49,689 --> 00:28:51,560 handed off back to Chad . 751 00:28:56,060 --> 00:28:58,060 So I'm going to go back to a little 752 00:28:58,060 --> 00:29:00,116 more broad view again . Um , in this 753 00:29:00,116 --> 00:29:02,227 slide I want to go through a snapshot 754 00:29:02,227 --> 00:29:04,449 of the year by year and briefly explain 755 00:29:04,449 --> 00:29:06,727 how and why some of these numbers vary . 756 00:29:06,727 --> 00:29:08,782 In this table , the thing to note is 757 00:29:08,782 --> 00:29:08,329 the timing of the runoff , which Derek 758 00:29:08,329 --> 00:29:10,520 kind of touched on when the and when 759 00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:12,640 the pumps were first turned on . That 760 00:29:12,640 --> 00:29:14,529 first year we had a lot of winter 761 00:29:14,529 --> 00:29:16,696 runoff when the pumps were not on . in 762 00:29:16,696 --> 00:29:18,640 year two , we got a little earlier 763 00:29:18,640 --> 00:29:21,719 start there um in late February . 764 00:29:22,729 --> 00:29:25,939 And then In the 3rd year , it was 765 00:29:25,939 --> 00:29:27,828 pretty warm last year if you guys 766 00:29:27,828 --> 00:29:30,050 remember , and uh we were able to start 767 00:29:30,050 --> 00:29:33,579 pumping as early as January 8th . Um , 768 00:29:33,869 --> 00:29:37,130 by doing this , uh , we got to pull a 769 00:29:37,130 --> 00:29:39,459 lot more water from precipitation that 770 00:29:39,459 --> 00:29:42,380 usually happens in the February to 771 00:29:42,380 --> 00:29:45,260 March period . Next slide , please , or 772 00:29:45,260 --> 00:29:48,020 next click . Yes , there you go . Um . 773 00:29:48,699 --> 00:29:51,032 At the wetland , as I mentioned earlier , 774 00:29:51,032 --> 00:29:53,032 we have a precipitation gauge , and 775 00:29:53,032 --> 00:29:54,977 each year we've seen a little less 776 00:29:54,977 --> 00:29:57,032 precipitation , but the timing of it 777 00:29:57,032 --> 00:29:59,143 has been different , as Derek alluded 778 00:29:59,143 --> 00:30:01,421 to , um , in the first year , you know , 779 00:30:01,421 --> 00:30:04,369 it's pretty early and 2023 , we had 780 00:30:04,369 --> 00:30:06,647 some precipitation later in the season , 781 00:30:06,647 --> 00:30:08,647 but it was so dry by that time , it 782 00:30:08,647 --> 00:30:10,813 didn't really register as runoff , and 783 00:30:10,813 --> 00:30:13,079 last year we had very little run or 784 00:30:13,079 --> 00:30:15,190 very little precipitation even in the 785 00:30:15,190 --> 00:30:19,030 later months . Um . One thing to 786 00:30:19,030 --> 00:30:20,863 note is most of this runoff came 787 00:30:20,863 --> 00:30:22,919 through in a couple of extreme large 788 00:30:22,919 --> 00:30:25,086 events , um , that's when we're seeing 789 00:30:25,086 --> 00:30:27,252 here in the winter time . Um , because 790 00:30:27,252 --> 00:30:29,086 of this , each year we've had an 791 00:30:29,086 --> 00:30:31,252 increased amount of water treated from 792 00:30:31,252 --> 00:30:33,419 Coldwell Creek . Um , as Derek alluded 793 00:30:33,419 --> 00:30:35,586 to , we had , we , and Shain mentioned 794 00:30:35,586 --> 00:30:37,919 this too , we doubled the pumps in , um , 795 00:30:37,919 --> 00:30:40,141 2024 , so we will process twice as much 796 00:30:40,141 --> 00:30:42,489 water in that time , even with the 797 00:30:42,489 --> 00:30:44,711 effects of precipitation being a little 798 00:30:44,711 --> 00:30:46,822 varied in the wetland establishment . 799 00:30:46,849 --> 00:30:49,410 Um , change the water quality 800 00:30:49,410 --> 00:30:51,410 components too , which we'll get to 801 00:30:51,410 --> 00:30:54,349 look at in this final table . Click 802 00:30:55,619 --> 00:30:57,849 Um , for runoff in early 2022 , 803 00:30:57,920 --> 00:31:00,160 vegetation was just first getting 804 00:31:00,160 --> 00:31:02,104 established , so holding times are 805 00:31:02,104 --> 00:31:03,993 short and vapid transpiration was 806 00:31:03,993 --> 00:31:06,630 mostly non-existent . In year 2 , we 807 00:31:06,630 --> 00:31:08,630 had much better reductions , and in 808 00:31:08,630 --> 00:31:10,630 year 3 , we doubled the pumping and 809 00:31:10,630 --> 00:31:12,910 still maintained a 20% reduction in 810 00:31:12,910 --> 00:31:16,050 runoff , click . For suspended sediment 811 00:31:16,050 --> 00:31:17,930 along the same reasoning , no 812 00:31:17,930 --> 00:31:20,089 established vegetation early in the 813 00:31:20,089 --> 00:31:22,849 year , um , and most of that water came 814 00:31:22,849 --> 00:31:25,680 through the system or and when , sorry , 815 00:31:25,849 --> 00:31:28,071 in the year and when most of that water 816 00:31:28,071 --> 00:31:30,127 came through the system was positive 817 00:31:30,127 --> 00:31:32,293 even with doubling the amount pumped . 818 00:31:32,293 --> 00:31:34,293 Wetlands still increased reductions 819 00:31:34,293 --> 00:31:37,979 from 2023 to 2024 , click . For 820 00:31:37,979 --> 00:31:40,035 dissolved reactive phosphorus , each 821 00:31:40,035 --> 00:31:42,550 year the percent reduced has lessened . 822 00:31:42,719 --> 00:31:45,359 Um , I think that can be attributed to 823 00:31:45,359 --> 00:31:48,709 when um , Plants are getting 824 00:31:48,709 --> 00:31:50,709 established , they take up a lot of 825 00:31:50,709 --> 00:31:53,719 dissolve active phosphorus . Um , each 826 00:31:53,719 --> 00:31:56,869 year because the wetlands been , um , a 827 00:31:56,869 --> 00:31:59,036 little more established , there's been 828 00:31:59,036 --> 00:32:02,099 less new , um , but we're still getting , 829 00:32:02,469 --> 00:32:04,525 um , the dormant season and then the 830 00:32:04,525 --> 00:32:06,709 grass coming back . So , early in the 831 00:32:06,709 --> 00:32:08,709 year , so when we pump , um , we're 832 00:32:08,709 --> 00:32:12,410 talking March through . Uh , June , we 833 00:32:12,410 --> 00:32:15,130 see most of our DRP collected , but in 834 00:32:15,130 --> 00:32:17,599 the later part of the season when um 835 00:32:17,890 --> 00:32:19,890 new plant life isn't growing , what 836 00:32:19,890 --> 00:32:22,410 little runoff we do see , DRP actually 837 00:32:22,410 --> 00:32:25,170 increases , so that crucial period for 838 00:32:25,170 --> 00:32:27,337 reducing DRP seems to be coming in the 839 00:32:27,337 --> 00:32:30,050 spring in this particular wetland . 840 00:32:31,150 --> 00:32:35,050 Um , and finally click , uh , TP 841 00:32:35,050 --> 00:32:37,217 has remained mostly steady through the 842 00:32:37,217 --> 00:32:41,209 1st 3 years of this , um . Study 843 00:32:42,339 --> 00:32:44,170 Uh , next slide . 844 00:32:46,290 --> 00:32:48,512 Um , for you , for those who don't like 845 00:32:48,512 --> 00:32:51,089 tables , I have this graph here just so 846 00:32:51,089 --> 00:32:53,839 you can kind of see . Um , the same 847 00:32:53,839 --> 00:32:55,950 information , but what I want to draw 848 00:32:55,950 --> 00:32:58,006 your attention to are actually these 849 00:32:58,006 --> 00:33:00,172 sample bottles here on the left . Um , 850 00:33:00,172 --> 00:33:02,006 so this first collection is from 851 00:33:02,006 --> 00:33:04,117 Colwell Creek , the segments from the 852 00:33:04,117 --> 00:33:06,339 inflow , and visually it's like hard to 853 00:33:06,339 --> 00:33:05,400 see the difference . They both look 854 00:33:05,400 --> 00:33:08,000 pretty turbid , but what the thing I 855 00:33:08,000 --> 00:33:10,222 want you to see is the outflow . If you 856 00:33:10,222 --> 00:33:12,444 look at the outflow bottles compared to 857 00:33:12,444 --> 00:33:14,611 like the inflow bottles , you can even 858 00:33:14,611 --> 00:33:16,889 visually see how well the wetland does , 859 00:33:16,889 --> 00:33:20,099 um . Which I think Kind of comforting , 860 00:33:20,229 --> 00:33:22,800 um . Yeah , we can get the analysis 861 00:33:22,800 --> 00:33:24,744 done , but we can actually see the 862 00:33:24,744 --> 00:33:26,800 difference , um . It's pretty neat . 863 00:33:28,329 --> 00:33:29,640 Uh , next . 864 00:33:32,739 --> 00:33:35,072 Uh , the last thing I want to highlight , 865 00:33:35,072 --> 00:33:37,128 um , are just some pictures . Um , I 866 00:33:37,128 --> 00:33:40,719 was asked to kind of notate the Um , 867 00:33:42,739 --> 00:33:44,961 The wildlife that visits the wetlands . 868 00:33:44,961 --> 00:33:47,239 So , I've got a collection of pictures , 869 00:33:47,239 --> 00:33:49,406 5 slides , I'll go through them pretty 870 00:33:49,406 --> 00:33:51,350 quick just to show you some of the 871 00:33:51,350 --> 00:33:53,406 different species that show up , but 872 00:33:53,406 --> 00:33:55,517 here we've got groundhogs , um , some 873 00:33:55,517 --> 00:33:55,250 have taken residence in these pumps , 874 00:33:55,369 --> 00:33:58,449 um . So here's here , we've got 875 00:33:58,449 --> 00:34:00,569 raccoons to visit , uh , sometimes 876 00:34:00,569 --> 00:34:02,625 little fish get blown in through the 877 00:34:02,625 --> 00:34:04,791 pumps and the raccoon does uh clean up 878 00:34:04,791 --> 00:34:07,560 duty . We got mall here at the top next . 879 00:34:09,139 --> 00:34:11,189 Uh , also at the inflow , we had a 880 00:34:11,189 --> 00:34:13,250 coyote , it's kind of at the right 881 00:34:13,250 --> 00:34:15,306 below the letter and you can kind of 882 00:34:15,306 --> 00:34:17,528 see his , um , backside leaving . I had 883 00:34:17,528 --> 00:34:20,580 a mink in the bottom left , uh , turkey 884 00:34:20,870 --> 00:34:23,037 and turkey and chick on the right side 885 00:34:23,037 --> 00:34:24,314 of those slides next . 886 00:34:26,530 --> 00:34:29,169 Um , last summer we had a family of 887 00:34:29,169 --> 00:34:31,370 turkeys , uh , and throughout these 888 00:34:31,370 --> 00:34:33,203 pictures you can kind of see the 889 00:34:33,203 --> 00:34:35,037 progression of the little chicks 890 00:34:35,037 --> 00:34:37,259 growing up , especially in the bottom , 891 00:34:37,259 --> 00:34:39,370 right , they're getting a little size 892 00:34:39,370 --> 00:34:43,239 to them there . Uh , next . It is our 893 00:34:43,239 --> 00:34:45,320 most popular area . Um , we've got 894 00:34:45,320 --> 00:34:48,090 raccoons , we got deer , we got possum , 895 00:34:48,600 --> 00:34:51,439 we got a , uh , a cat that lives here . 896 00:34:51,600 --> 00:34:54,540 Um , I see him pretty much , uh , 897 00:34:54,550 --> 00:34:56,661 throughout the year , so I called him 898 00:34:56,661 --> 00:34:59,389 Tux . We got mallards , and finally , 899 00:35:01,830 --> 00:35:04,219 We've got a turtle in the upper left , 900 00:35:04,389 --> 00:35:06,611 a belted kingfisher sitting on its wing 901 00:35:06,611 --> 00:35:08,611 wall , red tailed hawk , great blue 902 00:35:08,611 --> 00:35:10,611 heron and water snake in the middle 903 00:35:10,611 --> 00:35:12,790 pictures , and then I'm pretty sure 904 00:35:12,790 --> 00:35:14,901 these are otters in the upper right , 905 00:35:14,901 --> 00:35:16,957 unless someone wants to correct me , 906 00:35:16,957 --> 00:35:19,179 but it looked like a family of otters , 907 00:35:19,179 --> 00:35:21,234 uh , just based on the hand size and 908 00:35:21,234 --> 00:35:23,234 the eye spacing , um , and then the 909 00:35:23,234 --> 00:35:25,179 bottom left or bottom right , uh , 910 00:35:25,179 --> 00:35:27,179 great blue heron , so . Um , pretty 911 00:35:27,179 --> 00:35:29,969 diverse group of wildlife , um , pretty 912 00:35:29,969 --> 00:35:32,191 to go through the pictures and see them 913 00:35:32,191 --> 00:35:34,358 come and visit the wetlands throughout 914 00:35:34,358 --> 00:35:37,580 the year . Uh , that's all I have , and 915 00:35:37,580 --> 00:35:41,580 next up . There . 916 00:35:43,949 --> 00:35:47,189 I think it , I think it's me and . 917 00:35:47,830 --> 00:35:50,729 Yeah , no worries . So , you know , 918 00:35:50,770 --> 00:35:52,492 we've seen a lot of good stuff 919 00:35:52,492 --> 00:35:54,714 regarding like the water quality , um , 920 00:35:54,714 --> 00:35:56,714 all of this biodiversity , um , and 921 00:35:56,714 --> 00:35:58,992 some of these like large , large scale , 922 00:35:58,992 --> 00:36:01,370 um , dynamics . Um , what I want to 923 00:36:01,370 --> 00:36:05,129 highlight is part of our , uh , role 924 00:36:05,129 --> 00:36:07,240 as Edict . One of the things we do is 925 00:36:07,240 --> 00:36:09,689 we go out to the sites , um , twice a 926 00:36:09,689 --> 00:36:12,729 year , and we sample at 60 locations 927 00:36:12,729 --> 00:36:16,250 within the wetland . And so as part of 928 00:36:16,250 --> 00:36:19,129 that over the last 4 years since the 929 00:36:19,129 --> 00:36:22,530 establishment um to now , and we will 930 00:36:22,530 --> 00:36:24,770 continue until 2026 , we've been 931 00:36:24,770 --> 00:36:27,169 tracking uh a variety of soil 932 00:36:27,169 --> 00:36:29,889 parameters , um , one of which um are 933 00:36:29,889 --> 00:36:31,945 highlighted here on this slide , and 934 00:36:31,945 --> 00:36:34,209 that's total phosphorus . Um , the 935 00:36:34,209 --> 00:36:37,409 total phosphorus is , you know , to 936 00:36:37,409 --> 00:36:39,409 this point , this is , um , up till 937 00:36:39,409 --> 00:36:41,631 September 2023 , this first map here on 938 00:36:41,631 --> 00:36:44,260 the left . Um , one of the things that 939 00:36:44,260 --> 00:36:47,899 you see is that , uh , you know , it's 940 00:36:47,899 --> 00:36:50,979 a really dynamic system , and one of 941 00:36:50,979 --> 00:36:53,139 the things that we really have 942 00:36:53,139 --> 00:36:55,620 elucidated from some of this initial TP 943 00:36:55,620 --> 00:36:59,209 data is that You know , I , I think 944 00:36:59,209 --> 00:37:01,431 there if you click , I think there is a 945 00:37:01,431 --> 00:37:03,487 a little thing that pops up , yeah , 946 00:37:03,487 --> 00:37:05,487 and so one of the things to know is 947 00:37:05,487 --> 00:37:07,542 this that there's nowhere within the 948 00:37:07,542 --> 00:37:09,969 wetland that has zero phosphorus , so . 949 00:37:10,409 --> 00:37:12,620 Uh , you know , it goes down to about 950 00:37:12,620 --> 00:37:15,770 100 mg per kilogram , but , um , cool 951 00:37:15,770 --> 00:37:18,129 colors are high . Um , these warm 952 00:37:18,129 --> 00:37:20,073 colors are lower concentrations of 953 00:37:20,073 --> 00:37:23,409 phosphorus . When we kind of zoom over 954 00:37:23,409 --> 00:37:25,353 to the right side , what we end up 955 00:37:25,353 --> 00:37:27,298 seeing is that the change in total 956 00:37:27,298 --> 00:37:30,050 phosphorus from its inception in 2021 957 00:37:30,479 --> 00:37:33,010 till September 2023 , it's really 958 00:37:33,010 --> 00:37:36,729 dynamic . Um , these changes , I , I 959 00:37:36,729 --> 00:37:39,629 wanna like really point out that Even 960 00:37:39,639 --> 00:37:42,110 though these numbers are varying across 961 00:37:42,110 --> 00:37:44,332 the wetland , and I , I think we'll see 962 00:37:44,332 --> 00:37:46,277 here in a second , they're varying 963 00:37:46,277 --> 00:37:48,443 probably due to a variety of reasons . 964 00:37:48,443 --> 00:37:50,959 Um , if you click , we'll get one more 965 00:37:50,959 --> 00:37:53,159 pop up , and , but what you'll see is 966 00:37:53,159 --> 00:37:55,520 that , you know , we get some areas 967 00:37:55,520 --> 00:37:57,742 where we're really , really retaining , 968 00:37:57,742 --> 00:37:59,520 some areas that Look like we're 969 00:37:59,520 --> 00:38:01,820 retaining less . But it's , it's 970 00:38:01,820 --> 00:38:04,098 important to know just that , you know , 971 00:38:04,098 --> 00:38:06,153 inflow to outflow , we're really not 972 00:38:06,153 --> 00:38:08,610 leaching phosphorus back out into these 973 00:38:08,610 --> 00:38:10,610 waterways . Um , and in fact , what 974 00:38:10,610 --> 00:38:12,832 we're doing is we're seeing the effects 975 00:38:12,832 --> 00:38:15,790 of the time it takes to ramp up and the 976 00:38:15,790 --> 00:38:18,123 processes that are associated with that . 977 00:38:18,123 --> 00:38:20,123 So , You know , that's some of this 978 00:38:20,123 --> 00:38:22,012 phosphorus moving around , that's 979 00:38:22,012 --> 00:38:24,012 certainly vegetation establishing , 980 00:38:24,012 --> 00:38:26,439 using up some of the phosphorus , um , 981 00:38:26,570 --> 00:38:28,530 and , and , you know , the soil 982 00:38:28,530 --> 00:38:32,050 developing and continuing to bind uh 983 00:38:32,050 --> 00:38:34,328 more effectively . It's the next slide . 984 00:38:36,399 --> 00:38:38,343 As part of that , one of the other 985 00:38:38,343 --> 00:38:40,510 things that we are also monitoring for 986 00:38:40,510 --> 00:38:43,159 is SPSC or the soil phosphorus storage 987 00:38:43,159 --> 00:38:45,679 capacity . The , the big takeaway on 988 00:38:45,679 --> 00:38:48,389 this before we even get into the , the 989 00:38:48,389 --> 00:38:51,280 maps , is that today , every time we've 990 00:38:51,280 --> 00:38:54,429 sampled at all points in the wetland , 991 00:38:54,560 --> 00:38:56,282 it has always stayed a sink of 992 00:38:56,282 --> 00:38:58,840 phosphorus , right ? So , there is 993 00:38:58,840 --> 00:39:01,610 nowhere within this wetland that is You 994 00:39:01,610 --> 00:39:04,290 know , a a source is now leaking 995 00:39:04,290 --> 00:39:06,512 phosphorus as we've collected over four 996 00:39:06,512 --> 00:39:08,679 years back into the waterways . And so 997 00:39:08,679 --> 00:39:10,679 this largest map here on the left , 998 00:39:10,810 --> 00:39:14,250 this is the change in SPSC from the 999 00:39:14,250 --> 00:39:17,129 creation of the wetland in 2021 till 1000 00:39:17,129 --> 00:39:19,073 our most recent sampling period in 1001 00:39:19,073 --> 00:39:22,580 September 2024 . If you click . What 1002 00:39:22,580 --> 00:39:24,939 you can see here is that these cool 1003 00:39:24,939 --> 00:39:26,883 colors , this is where it's gained 1004 00:39:26,883 --> 00:39:29,659 capacity , maybe we have less P in that 1005 00:39:29,659 --> 00:39:33,139 direct place over time , but then these 1006 00:39:33,139 --> 00:39:36,060 warmer colors , these reds , that's uh 1007 00:39:36,060 --> 00:39:38,171 lost capacity . So that's where we're 1008 00:39:38,171 --> 00:39:40,338 really truly retaining phosphorus over 1009 00:39:40,338 --> 00:39:42,379 time . And so up here in the right 1010 00:39:42,379 --> 00:39:46,110 corner , I've got a graph uh a map 1011 00:39:46,110 --> 00:39:47,999 that's showing the coefficient of 1012 00:39:47,999 --> 00:39:51,229 variants for SPSC . Again , this is 1013 00:39:51,229 --> 00:39:53,389 just another example of the system 1014 00:39:53,389 --> 00:39:56,139 being so dynamic . So this is taking 1015 00:39:56,139 --> 00:39:58,830 the variance at each sampling period in 1016 00:39:58,830 --> 00:40:01,709 each year , and it is creating a 1017 00:40:01,709 --> 00:40:04,139 coefficient by which we know how stable 1018 00:40:04,139 --> 00:40:06,709 the system is with that phosphorus 1019 00:40:06,709 --> 00:40:09,879 capacity . And , you know , I can point 1020 00:40:09,879 --> 00:40:11,990 out a couple of things here , right ? 1021 00:40:11,990 --> 00:40:14,212 Like , I know that some of these places 1022 00:40:14,212 --> 00:40:16,157 where the variance is highest , we 1023 00:40:16,157 --> 00:40:18,157 certainly are getting um a lot more 1024 00:40:18,157 --> 00:40:20,379 maybe inundation in those places . Um , 1025 00:40:20,379 --> 00:40:22,546 and as you'll see in this next slide , 1026 00:40:22,546 --> 00:40:24,601 I , I think it corresponds well with 1027 00:40:24,601 --> 00:40:26,657 some of the soil properties that are 1028 00:40:26,657 --> 00:40:28,712 really driving the system . The next 1029 00:40:28,712 --> 00:40:32,330 slide . And so what I am highlighting 1030 00:40:32,330 --> 00:40:35,689 here are uh two soil properties and how 1031 00:40:35,689 --> 00:40:37,649 they are potentially influence our 1032 00:40:37,649 --> 00:40:40,189 influencing our retention and capacity . 1033 00:40:40,510 --> 00:40:44,449 Um , so here on the left side , we 1034 00:40:44,449 --> 00:40:47,969 have two graphs , um , one is total 1035 00:40:47,969 --> 00:40:50,025 phosphorus , that's in the green and 1036 00:40:50,025 --> 00:40:52,010 the red is LOI , which is really 1037 00:40:52,010 --> 00:40:53,843 organic matter . And so as we're 1038 00:40:53,843 --> 00:40:55,899 increasing the organic matter , this 1039 00:40:55,899 --> 00:40:59,469 correlates highly with increases in Um , 1040 00:40:59,560 --> 00:41:01,850 higher soil total phosphorus 1041 00:41:01,850 --> 00:41:05,070 concentrations . The x-axis of these 1042 00:41:05,070 --> 00:41:08,790 graphs is a profile . So along this 1043 00:41:08,790 --> 00:41:12,500 black uh dashed line is a , 1044 00:41:12,629 --> 00:41:14,851 that's our channel , and what I've done 1045 00:41:14,851 --> 00:41:17,018 is extrapolated points out across this 1046 00:41:17,018 --> 00:41:20,409 line . So that we can see how these 1047 00:41:20,409 --> 00:41:22,409 parameters are correlating . If you 1048 00:41:22,409 --> 00:41:24,576 click on it here , it'll highlight for 1049 00:41:24,576 --> 00:41:26,798 us that , you know , these peaks almost 1050 00:41:27,050 --> 00:41:29,169 always correspond . So if we see high 1051 00:41:29,169 --> 00:41:31,336 organic matter , or more importantly , 1052 00:41:31,336 --> 00:41:33,502 if we see high TP we're probably gonna 1053 00:41:33,502 --> 00:41:35,336 see high organic matter . A very 1054 00:41:35,336 --> 00:41:37,979 similar situation is happening um with 1055 00:41:37,979 --> 00:41:41,439 our SPSC and our pH . The relationship 1056 00:41:41,439 --> 00:41:43,870 between SPSC and PH , and if you click 1057 00:41:43,870 --> 00:41:46,860 on it , Um , we have 1058 00:41:47,350 --> 00:41:49,669 essentially two zones here , what we , 1059 00:41:49,750 --> 00:41:51,750 which I think we consider kind of a 1060 00:41:51,750 --> 00:41:54,429 lower SPSC and a higher SPSC . The 1061 00:41:54,429 --> 00:41:57,760 lower SPSC correlates with a higher pH 1062 00:41:57,760 --> 00:42:01,030 of the soil . This is likely due to The 1063 00:42:01,030 --> 00:42:03,469 fact that , you know , as pH becomes 1064 00:42:03,469 --> 00:42:05,636 higher , you know , it kind of goes on 1065 00:42:05,636 --> 00:42:07,858 a scale , right ? At first , it reduces 1066 00:42:07,858 --> 00:42:10,136 the availability of these metal oxides . 1067 00:42:10,136 --> 00:42:12,302 There's less , um , for this , these , 1068 00:42:12,302 --> 00:42:14,302 uh , phosphorus particles to really 1069 00:42:14,302 --> 00:42:16,525 bind onto . And then as we increase the 1070 00:42:16,525 --> 00:42:18,636 pH farther , right , then we start to 1071 00:42:18,636 --> 00:42:20,191 get into this really strong 1072 00:42:20,191 --> 00:42:22,358 relationship between solubility and pH 1073 00:42:22,358 --> 00:42:24,189 that can result in things like 1074 00:42:24,189 --> 00:42:26,760 precipitates out of the system . Um , 1075 00:42:26,909 --> 00:42:30,370 but the real The key here is just that 1076 00:42:30,370 --> 00:42:32,592 like these little properties are really 1077 00:42:32,592 --> 00:42:34,370 driving a lot of these internal 1078 00:42:34,370 --> 00:42:36,426 variations , um , and they're really 1079 00:42:36,426 --> 00:42:38,592 kind of the heart of the system . Next 1080 00:42:38,592 --> 00:42:42,030 slide . And just quickly , the last 1081 00:42:42,030 --> 00:42:44,308 thing I'll really talk about here , um , 1082 00:42:44,310 --> 00:42:47,070 is , as far as results go is , you know , 1083 00:42:47,310 --> 00:42:49,610 we really try to utilize defiance as a 1084 00:42:49,610 --> 00:42:52,060 test bed for demonstrating emergency 1085 00:42:52,060 --> 00:42:54,820 emerging technologies and developing 1086 00:42:55,070 --> 00:42:58,399 new methods for phosphorus capture . 1087 00:42:58,830 --> 00:43:00,870 One of the ones that we have 1088 00:43:00,870 --> 00:43:03,092 demonstrated recently , and this was in 1089 00:43:03,092 --> 00:43:06,850 2024 , was our amendments . 1090 00:43:06,860 --> 00:43:10,060 And so these amendments are Um , 1091 00:43:10,070 --> 00:43:13,169 lanthanum doped iron particles , um , 1092 00:43:13,260 --> 00:43:15,427 these lanthanum doped iron particles , 1093 00:43:15,427 --> 00:43:17,979 lanthanum is an element that is able to 1094 00:43:17,979 --> 00:43:21,899 really strongly bind on to or bind with 1095 00:43:21,899 --> 00:43:24,139 phosphorus , and , and the capture on 1096 00:43:24,139 --> 00:43:26,739 that is not only highly effective , it 1097 00:43:26,739 --> 00:43:28,961 binds for a really , really long time . 1098 00:43:28,961 --> 00:43:31,159 So we're talking more than 1000 years 1099 00:43:31,159 --> 00:43:33,381 potentially . Um , and , and so what we 1100 00:43:33,381 --> 00:43:35,437 do is we take these particles and we 1101 00:43:35,437 --> 00:43:37,381 put them in mesh bags , and we can 1102 00:43:37,381 --> 00:43:39,437 deploy them and we've tested them in 1103 00:43:39,437 --> 00:43:41,548 both the music cosms , and that's the 1104 00:43:41,548 --> 00:43:41,489 graph you'll see here . And then we've 1105 00:43:41,489 --> 00:43:43,711 also tested them at the Defiance site , 1106 00:43:43,711 --> 00:43:45,767 and that's the upper right picture . 1107 00:43:45,767 --> 00:43:47,989 This graph that you see , it's a little 1108 00:43:47,989 --> 00:43:50,290 bit complicated , but on the Y axis , 1109 00:43:50,409 --> 00:43:53,610 we have a cumulative rate of P 1110 00:43:53,610 --> 00:43:56,929 retention . Um , and then on the other 1111 00:43:56,929 --> 00:43:59,350 Y-axis to the right , this is the 1112 00:43:59,350 --> 00:44:01,879 cumulative phosphorus retained . Um , 1113 00:44:01,889 --> 00:44:04,739 and that's at every time step . To get 1114 00:44:04,739 --> 00:44:07,459 to the heart of this graph , you know , 1115 00:44:07,620 --> 00:44:09,842 what we really have found is that short 1116 00:44:09,842 --> 00:44:12,139 term deployment during highest peak 1117 00:44:12,139 --> 00:44:14,939 concentration flows is really where 1118 00:44:14,939 --> 00:44:18,120 these amendment technologies excel . So , 1119 00:44:18,399 --> 00:44:21,060 for instance , this , this plot is 1120 00:44:21,060 --> 00:44:23,580 showing um bare soil plus amendments 1121 00:44:23,580 --> 00:44:25,580 and then just bare soil at the same 1122 00:44:25,580 --> 00:44:28,629 pumping rate . Um , this 4 to 8% 1123 00:44:28,629 --> 00:44:31,110 relative removal efficiency is really 1124 00:44:31,110 --> 00:44:33,166 sort of driven by the fact that bare 1125 00:44:33,166 --> 00:44:35,332 soil is already highly effective . And 1126 00:44:35,332 --> 00:44:37,443 so , uh , you know , if we think back 1127 00:44:37,443 --> 00:44:39,666 to one of these first slides that I had 1128 00:44:39,666 --> 00:44:41,832 presented on , you know , bare soil at 1129 00:44:41,832 --> 00:44:43,999 at a low pumping rate has an effective 1130 00:44:43,999 --> 00:44:45,888 removal of , you know , somewhere 1131 00:44:45,888 --> 00:44:49,199 between 86% and 90% . And so when we 1132 00:44:49,199 --> 00:44:51,540 add 48% with these amendments , we're 1133 00:44:51,540 --> 00:44:53,596 really getting to the point that the 1134 00:44:53,596 --> 00:44:55,596 water is very clear , right ? We're 1135 00:44:55,596 --> 00:44:59,040 talking 95% to 97% effective . Um . 1136 00:44:59,989 --> 00:45:01,989 When we add in vegetation , not 1137 00:45:01,989 --> 00:45:03,989 pictured here , you know , over the 1138 00:45:03,989 --> 00:45:06,211 course of the 1st 4 hours , we can even 1139 00:45:06,211 --> 00:45:08,469 get up to like 20 to 30% increases in 1140 00:45:08,469 --> 00:45:10,949 retention . Um , and , and so these are 1141 00:45:10,949 --> 00:45:13,060 gonna need a little more refinement , 1142 00:45:13,060 --> 00:45:15,282 but this is definitely a , a technology 1143 00:45:15,282 --> 00:45:17,060 that could help us really drive 1144 00:45:17,060 --> 00:45:18,949 long-term development , um , and 1145 00:45:18,949 --> 00:45:20,949 long-term management across wetland 1146 00:45:20,949 --> 00:45:23,227 sites , not just this one , but others . 1147 00:45:23,227 --> 00:45:26,860 Next slide . And so one of the final 1148 00:45:26,860 --> 00:45:29,027 things I'll say here is , you know , I 1149 00:45:29,027 --> 00:45:31,193 just want to highlight that this group 1150 00:45:31,193 --> 00:45:33,304 has been incredibly productive , um , 1151 00:45:33,304 --> 00:45:35,360 it really has gotten a lot of really 1152 00:45:35,360 --> 00:45:37,304 good guidance out , whether that's 1153 00:45:37,304 --> 00:45:38,971 publications , um , attending 1154 00:45:38,971 --> 00:45:41,027 conferences . If you see us at one , 1155 00:45:41,027 --> 00:45:43,082 like definitely come talk to us , we 1156 00:45:43,082 --> 00:45:42,340 love to talk about the project , we'd 1157 00:45:42,340 --> 00:45:44,173 love to talk to you about . Um , 1158 00:45:44,173 --> 00:45:46,396 anything you've got going on , um , you 1159 00:45:46,396 --> 00:45:48,284 know , we've had several outreach 1160 00:45:48,284 --> 00:45:50,284 events we're , you know , hoping to 1161 00:45:50,284 --> 00:45:52,507 have more in the future . Um , and then 1162 00:45:52,507 --> 00:45:54,562 if you visit the website , uh , that 1163 00:45:54,562 --> 00:45:56,562 Jacob had put in the chat , we will 1164 00:45:56,562 --> 00:45:58,896 very soon have a brochure series online , 1165 00:45:58,896 --> 00:46:00,840 um , called , you know , practical 1166 00:46:00,840 --> 00:46:03,062 considerations for Wetland Design , and 1167 00:46:03,062 --> 00:46:05,062 we go over a lot of the stuff we've 1168 00:46:05,062 --> 00:46:07,062 talked about today in more depth in 1169 00:46:07,062 --> 00:46:09,173 those , um , that can be downloaded . 1170 00:46:09,173 --> 00:46:11,173 And with that , I will turn it back 1171 00:46:11,173 --> 00:46:13,209 over to Tim . Good deal . Thanks , 1172 00:46:13,290 --> 00:46:15,623 Shayan . Yeah , I'll , I'll wrap up our , 1173 00:46:15,623 --> 00:46:17,846 our last slide here and then we'll take 1174 00:46:17,846 --> 00:46:20,012 some time for questions as well . Um , 1175 00:46:20,012 --> 00:46:22,234 but just to kind of talk about our next 1176 00:46:22,234 --> 00:46:21,919 steps and to give an acknowledgement , 1177 00:46:21,929 --> 00:46:24,151 right ? The , the work that we're doing 1178 00:46:24,151 --> 00:46:26,373 in Defiance is , um , you know , it's a 1179 00:46:26,373 --> 00:46:28,485 highly manipulated well , right ? You 1180 00:46:28,485 --> 00:46:30,596 see , we have pumps out there , a lot 1181 00:46:30,596 --> 00:46:32,818 of , a lot of sampling equipment . Uh , 1182 00:46:32,818 --> 00:46:34,873 it's not the type of wetland that we 1183 00:46:34,873 --> 00:46:37,207 would expect , uh , you know , just any , 1184 00:46:37,207 --> 00:46:39,373 any local stakeholder to go put in the 1185 00:46:39,373 --> 00:46:41,596 ground just given how how built it is , 1186 00:46:41,596 --> 00:46:43,762 uh , but the reason that we did that , 1187 00:46:43,762 --> 00:46:45,373 right , is to make it highly 1188 00:46:45,373 --> 00:46:47,373 manipulative so we can really drive 1189 00:46:47,373 --> 00:46:49,373 towards , you know , that optimized 1190 00:46:49,373 --> 00:46:51,659 retention on the landscape . Um , so , 1191 00:46:51,739 --> 00:46:53,906 you know , acknowledgement that it's , 1192 00:46:53,906 --> 00:46:55,739 you know , somewhat of a science 1193 00:46:55,739 --> 00:46:57,850 project , but it does deliver its own 1194 00:46:57,850 --> 00:46:59,961 sort of efficacy . Um , in terms of , 1195 00:46:59,961 --> 00:47:02,017 uh , reducing nutrients , uh , but , 1196 00:47:02,017 --> 00:47:03,961 but part of our purpose is to , to 1197 00:47:03,961 --> 00:47:06,128 really share that , right ? To , to do 1198 00:47:06,128 --> 00:47:08,183 that in forms like this , share what 1199 00:47:08,183 --> 00:47:08,050 we're learning , uh , and get it out 1200 00:47:08,050 --> 00:47:09,939 there , uh , get , get what we're 1201 00:47:09,939 --> 00:47:11,939 learning out there within the total 1202 00:47:11,939 --> 00:47:13,939 realm of wetland restoration , uh , 1203 00:47:13,939 --> 00:47:15,828 within the Great Lakes , uh , and 1204 00:47:15,828 --> 00:47:18,050 beyond . Uh , so to that point , just a 1205 00:47:18,050 --> 00:47:20,272 couple of future directions here , next 1206 00:47:20,272 --> 00:47:22,439 steps that we wanna , you know , bring 1207 00:47:22,439 --> 00:47:24,661 you guys in on and let you know about . 1208 00:47:24,661 --> 00:47:24,649 Uh , for one , is that we're looking at 1209 00:47:24,649 --> 00:47:26,816 the opportunity to do a phase two of , 1210 00:47:26,830 --> 00:47:28,941 of uh research , operational research 1211 00:47:28,941 --> 00:47:31,100 out there in defiance , uh , with 1212 00:47:31,100 --> 00:47:33,267 support of the Great Lakes Restoration 1213 00:47:33,267 --> 00:47:35,378 Initiative . Uh , so that's something 1214 00:47:35,378 --> 00:47:37,600 we are in the planning phases for right 1215 00:47:37,600 --> 00:47:37,129 now , that's something that would pick 1216 00:47:37,129 --> 00:47:39,850 up uh after the current phase ends in 1217 00:47:39,850 --> 00:47:43,379 May of 2026 . Uh , so looking to define 1218 00:47:43,379 --> 00:47:45,750 that opportunity and looking to do that , 1219 00:47:46,090 --> 00:47:48,199 uh , within the context of existing 1220 00:47:48,199 --> 00:47:50,255 research collaborations , right ? We 1221 00:47:50,255 --> 00:47:52,421 know there's a lot of other great work 1222 00:47:52,421 --> 00:47:54,421 going on . Uh , within Western Lake 1223 00:47:54,421 --> 00:47:56,421 Erie , within the Great Lakes basin 1224 00:47:56,421 --> 00:47:58,588 nationwide , uh , that we would really 1225 00:47:58,588 --> 00:48:00,588 like to , you know , partner , uh , 1226 00:48:00,588 --> 00:48:02,755 further partner with , uh , any entity 1227 00:48:02,755 --> 00:48:02,739 that's , that's doing similar work , uh , 1228 00:48:02,750 --> 00:48:04,917 in the region . Uh , that second point 1229 00:48:04,917 --> 00:48:06,472 is that we are , you know , 1230 00:48:06,472 --> 00:48:08,629 specifically trying to translate this 1231 00:48:08,629 --> 00:48:11,060 technology out into a more passive , uh , 1232 00:48:11,110 --> 00:48:13,510 less constructed type wetland , uh , 1233 00:48:13,590 --> 00:48:15,479 and we're specifically working an 1234 00:48:15,479 --> 00:48:17,590 opportunity in Saint Mary's , Ohio in 1235 00:48:17,590 --> 00:48:19,646 partnership with the Oglas County So 1236 00:48:19,646 --> 00:48:21,868 and Water District . Uh , with the city 1237 00:48:21,868 --> 00:48:23,868 of Saint Mary's , uh , and with the 1238 00:48:23,868 --> 00:48:25,757 state of Ohio through the H2 Ohio 1239 00:48:25,757 --> 00:48:27,979 initiative , uh , using one of our Army 1240 00:48:27,979 --> 00:48:30,146 Corps cost share authorities , uh , to 1241 00:48:30,146 --> 00:48:32,368 do surface water protection type work , 1242 00:48:32,368 --> 00:48:34,312 um , that is a wetland that we are 1243 00:48:34,312 --> 00:48:36,257 currently doing some environmental 1244 00:48:36,257 --> 00:48:38,257 analysis and design for , uh , that 1245 00:48:38,257 --> 00:48:40,830 will be uh gravity-fed , um , but , but 1246 00:48:40,830 --> 00:48:42,774 employs the concepts of phosphorus 1247 00:48:42,774 --> 00:48:44,830 optimization , uh , based on some 1248 00:48:44,830 --> 00:48:46,997 sampling of what we already know about 1249 00:48:46,997 --> 00:48:48,997 the site out there . Uh , so really 1250 00:48:48,997 --> 00:48:51,108 exciting opportunity of how we can do 1251 00:48:51,108 --> 00:48:53,052 this in a less sort of manipulated 1252 00:48:53,052 --> 00:48:55,274 fashion . Uh , and then last , lastly , 1253 00:48:55,274 --> 00:48:57,108 and something that we are really 1254 00:48:57,108 --> 00:48:59,330 excited to talk about is that we really 1255 00:48:59,330 --> 00:49:01,330 want to get out there , uh , in the 1256 00:49:01,330 --> 00:49:03,441 field with any interested stakeholder 1257 00:49:03,441 --> 00:49:05,274 and , and spend a day , uh , ask 1258 00:49:05,274 --> 00:49:07,386 questions and go down the rabbit hole 1259 00:49:07,386 --> 00:49:09,552 of different interest groups , uh , to 1260 00:49:09,552 --> 00:49:11,608 see how we can best share what we're 1261 00:49:11,608 --> 00:49:13,719 learning out here , uh , and get that 1262 00:49:13,719 --> 00:49:15,774 employed elsewhere , um , in wetland 1263 00:49:15,774 --> 00:49:17,719 restoration . Uh , we did that , I 1264 00:49:17,719 --> 00:49:19,941 think in April of 2022 or 2023 early on 1265 00:49:19,941 --> 00:49:21,663 in the project , it was really 1266 00:49:21,663 --> 00:49:23,500 beneficial . Uh , we've got some 1267 00:49:23,510 --> 00:49:26,229 challenges on the federal travel side 1268 00:49:26,229 --> 00:49:28,396 that that is kind of throwing it up in 1269 00:49:28,396 --> 00:49:30,451 the air . We , we were looking for a 1270 00:49:30,451 --> 00:49:32,396 date , uh , in June , uh , that we 1271 00:49:32,396 --> 00:49:34,451 would reach out to stakeholders like 1272 00:49:34,451 --> 00:49:36,562 yourselves on the line with us , uh , 1273 00:49:36,562 --> 00:49:38,673 and others locally to join us on site 1274 00:49:38,673 --> 00:49:40,785 for a day . Uh , we are still looking 1275 00:49:40,785 --> 00:49:42,840 for that opportunity . Um , a little 1276 00:49:42,840 --> 00:49:45,062 uncertain if June will work just due to 1277 00:49:45,062 --> 00:49:47,173 some travel , uh , challenges that we 1278 00:49:47,173 --> 00:49:49,173 have , uh , with the Army Corps and 1279 00:49:49,173 --> 00:49:48,409 with the federal government at the 1280 00:49:48,409 --> 00:49:50,409 moment . Uh , but we're looking for 1281 00:49:50,409 --> 00:49:52,631 that opportunity and I'll just leave it 1282 00:49:52,631 --> 00:49:54,631 at that , at that , that we want to 1283 00:49:54,631 --> 00:49:56,742 find that space with , with you all , 1284 00:49:56,742 --> 00:49:58,965 uh , and others to get out there . Uh , 1285 00:49:58,965 --> 00:50:01,076 so with that , we got about 7 minutes 1286 00:50:01,076 --> 00:50:03,131 and I know our team might be able to 1287 00:50:03,131 --> 00:50:03,010 stick on a little bit longer . Uh , I'm 1288 00:50:03,010 --> 00:50:05,489 gonna pause here and see what questions 1289 00:50:05,489 --> 00:50:08,320 we can answer based on today's , uh , 1290 00:50:08,330 --> 00:50:11,040 information . And uh Jacob , I know 1291 00:50:11,040 --> 00:50:13,207 you're on the line , maybe you've been 1292 00:50:13,207 --> 00:50:15,429 looking at the chat . I see some things 1293 00:50:15,429 --> 00:50:15,360 in there . uh , Jacob , are you 1294 00:50:15,360 --> 00:50:17,870 following any questions in the chat 1295 00:50:17,870 --> 00:50:20,092 that would be good to jump into first ? 1296 00:50:22,830 --> 00:50:25,052 Yeah , thanks , Tim , and thanks to all 1297 00:50:25,052 --> 00:50:27,409 the presenters . Um , there's a great 1298 00:50:27,409 --> 00:50:30,129 question from Rick Wilson in the chat 1299 00:50:30,129 --> 00:50:32,330 and that I was gonna direct towards 1300 00:50:32,330 --> 00:50:35,860 Chad um related to the percent of the 1301 00:50:35,860 --> 00:50:39,639 tributary flow that's being pumped . So , 1302 00:50:39,840 --> 00:50:41,951 Chad , if you can take a look at that 1303 00:50:41,951 --> 00:50:44,229 question in the chat , in the meantime , 1304 00:50:45,340 --> 00:50:47,459 Santina Wortman had a great question 1305 00:50:47,459 --> 00:50:49,780 about how long we anticipate this 1306 00:50:49,780 --> 00:50:52,260 thing's gonna continue to function and 1307 00:50:52,260 --> 00:50:54,093 while we're still working on the 1308 00:50:54,093 --> 00:50:57,060 calculations for that , um , we haven't 1309 00:50:57,060 --> 00:50:59,171 seen anything that would suggest that 1310 00:50:59,171 --> 00:51:01,282 we're nearing kind of a phosphorus or 1311 00:51:01,282 --> 00:51:03,616 nutrient saturation at the site . So my , 1312 00:51:03,616 --> 00:51:05,671 you know , initial response would be 1313 00:51:05,671 --> 00:51:07,727 that , you know , we anticipate this 1314 00:51:07,727 --> 00:51:07,699 thing's gonna continue to yield 1315 00:51:07,699 --> 00:51:10,399 benefits for many years to come . Um , 1316 00:51:10,510 --> 00:51:12,870 so , um , more to come in terms of 1317 00:51:12,870 --> 00:51:15,148 actually putting numbers on that , but , 1318 00:51:15,148 --> 00:51:17,409 but so far , we're not seeing that the 1319 00:51:17,409 --> 00:51:19,520 sort of capacity for nutrients can be 1320 00:51:19,520 --> 00:51:21,260 overwhelmed by any measure . 1321 00:51:24,379 --> 00:51:26,639 Uh , yeah , Jacob , uh , let me get to 1322 00:51:26,639 --> 00:51:28,840 Rick's question . Uh , Rick , um , in 1323 00:51:28,840 --> 00:51:31,189 one of the , one of the tables I had , 1324 00:51:31,399 --> 00:51:34,790 um , I had that number , so In 1325 00:51:34,790 --> 00:51:38,040 2022 , when the pumps uh didn't kick on 1326 00:51:38,040 --> 00:51:40,590 for a while , and we had a lot of rain 1327 00:51:40,590 --> 00:51:44,159 that came through in um October 1328 00:51:44,159 --> 00:51:48,000 through March 1st , uh , there is 34 1329 00:51:48,000 --> 00:51:51,129 million cubic feet that went down Coal 1330 00:51:51,129 --> 00:51:55,120 Creek , and we pumped in 4.2 1331 00:51:55,120 --> 00:51:58,080 million . In 2023 there was 18 million 1332 00:51:58,080 --> 00:52:00,179 that went through Coal Creek . We 1333 00:52:00,179 --> 00:52:03,469 pumped in another 4.4 million . Uh , 1334 00:52:03,560 --> 00:52:05,616 last year there was about 18 million 1335 00:52:05,616 --> 00:52:07,727 gallons or 18 million cubic feet that 1336 00:52:07,727 --> 00:52:11,629 went down , and we pumped in 8.1 . So , 1337 00:52:13,199 --> 00:52:15,143 That was kind of the point of that 1338 00:52:15,143 --> 00:52:17,255 slide was to accentuate like when our 1339 00:52:17,255 --> 00:52:20,419 pumps went on . Um , so by math we 1340 00:52:20,419 --> 00:52:23,219 missed , you know , 88% the first year , 1341 00:52:23,300 --> 00:52:27,169 76% the second year , um , and 1342 00:52:29,300 --> 00:52:33,100 55% this past year . You know , 1343 00:52:34,090 --> 00:52:36,370 As Tim was alluding to , there's , you 1344 00:52:36,370 --> 00:52:39,520 know , this , this is very , uh , built , 1345 00:52:40,090 --> 00:52:42,201 and because that , you know , that we 1346 00:52:42,201 --> 00:52:44,368 have restrictions with the pumps , you 1347 00:52:44,368 --> 00:52:44,169 know , we don't want to damage and 1348 00:52:44,169 --> 00:52:47,489 they're an expensive attribute that uh 1349 00:52:47,489 --> 00:52:49,322 this this site wouldn't function 1350 00:52:49,322 --> 00:52:51,290 without . So we protect them and 1351 00:52:51,290 --> 00:52:53,123 because of that we don't capture 1352 00:52:53,123 --> 00:52:56,459 everything we could . Um , But even in 1353 00:52:56,459 --> 00:52:59,219 bare ground , as Shaylin has hinted at 1354 00:52:59,219 --> 00:53:01,780 or in fallow fields , we still see good 1355 00:53:01,780 --> 00:53:05,709 reductions in um Or see 1356 00:53:05,709 --> 00:53:08,030 good efficacy in the wetland , even 1357 00:53:08,030 --> 00:53:10,310 when it's not fully fried and what we 1358 00:53:10,310 --> 00:53:12,790 think of as a beautiful wetland in the 1359 00:53:12,790 --> 00:53:15,530 late spring summertime . So , I hope 1360 00:53:15,530 --> 00:53:17,141 that answers your question . 1361 00:53:22,899 --> 00:53:24,969 Yeah , thanks , Chad . See a couple 1362 00:53:24,969 --> 00:53:27,439 more questions popping up into the chat , 1363 00:53:27,610 --> 00:53:31,310 um . Yeah , a couple comments as well . 1364 00:53:31,320 --> 00:53:33,320 One from Steve , we use the Western 1365 00:53:33,320 --> 00:53:35,790 Lake E Basin Partnership to provide uh 1366 00:53:35,790 --> 00:53:38,320 tri-state interagency public type 1367 00:53:38,320 --> 00:53:40,659 audience , which would be great . Um , 1368 00:53:41,120 --> 00:53:43,287 Steve love that comment , look forward 1369 00:53:43,287 --> 00:53:45,231 to potentially coordinating that . 1370 00:53:46,219 --> 00:53:48,108 Another question , do you monitor 1371 00:53:48,108 --> 00:53:49,997 further downstream to demonstrate 1372 00:53:49,997 --> 00:53:52,108 whether there is an overall reduction 1373 00:53:52,108 --> 00:53:55,350 at the watershed scale ? Um , Chad , 1374 00:53:55,389 --> 00:53:57,500 that might be a question best for the 1375 00:53:57,500 --> 00:53:59,278 GS . Anything that feeds into a 1376 00:53:59,278 --> 00:54:01,445 watershed scale that you're aware of ? 1377 00:54:05,020 --> 00:54:07,353 I'm sorry , can you repeat that ? I , I , 1378 00:54:07,353 --> 00:54:09,520 I missed it . Do , do you also monitor 1379 00:54:09,520 --> 00:54:11,631 further downstream whether there's an 1380 00:54:11,631 --> 00:54:14,169 overall reaction ? Oh , 1381 00:54:17,429 --> 00:54:19,270 No , um . 1382 00:54:21,540 --> 00:54:22,689 No , we don't . 1383 00:54:25,000 --> 00:54:27,669 Um , you know , we , we can make those 1384 00:54:27,669 --> 00:54:29,780 calculations , you know , we know how 1385 00:54:29,780 --> 00:54:32,002 much water is passing through , we know 1386 00:54:32,002 --> 00:54:34,169 how much water is pumped in . I mean , 1387 00:54:34,169 --> 00:54:36,120 we could say like , The percents 1388 00:54:36,120 --> 00:54:39,830 reduced from Colwell Creek . Um , 1389 00:54:41,129 --> 00:54:43,351 But we don't actually have a gauge down 1390 00:54:43,351 --> 00:54:45,860 there just monitoring where uh the 1391 00:54:45,860 --> 00:54:49,540 ditch that the outflow forward um ties 1392 00:54:49,540 --> 00:54:52,439 back into Coal Creek . I said , we 1393 00:54:52,439 --> 00:54:54,760 could , we could do the math , but uh 1394 00:54:54,760 --> 00:54:56,593 we don't have something specific 1395 00:54:56,679 --> 00:54:57,679 looking at that . 1396 00:55:01,989 --> 00:55:04,419 Yeah , thanks Chad . And just looking 1397 00:55:04,419 --> 00:55:06,641 at uh just a couple more minutes left , 1398 00:55:06,699 --> 00:55:08,921 I just wanted to put one more plug into 1399 00:55:08,921 --> 00:55:11,032 uh a couple of great resources in the 1400 00:55:11,032 --> 00:55:13,255 chat for those that are still with us . 1401 00:55:13,255 --> 00:55:15,255 There is a project website , we are 1402 00:55:15,255 --> 00:55:17,421 gonna post this webinar in the chat or 1403 00:55:17,421 --> 00:55:19,643 uh put into the project website once we 1404 00:55:19,643 --> 00:55:21,810 get it up on YouTube . Um , and then a 1405 00:55:21,810 --> 00:55:23,921 plug too if anyone on the line , uh , 1406 00:55:23,921 --> 00:55:26,088 is , does not receive emails from us , 1407 00:55:26,088 --> 00:55:28,199 if you want to be on our mailing list 1408 00:55:28,199 --> 00:55:30,366 for , uh , things like events , things 1409 00:55:30,366 --> 00:55:32,532 like this webinar , feel free to throw 1410 00:55:32,532 --> 00:55:34,643 your name and and email into the chat 1411 00:55:34,643 --> 00:55:34,000 so we can catalog that .